samsung in china :: essays research papers

Environmental AnalysisExternal EnvironmentChinese commercialize-still socialist economyhuge gap between the stated plans and the true ability of government to manage and control the economytremendous amount of sparing interaction took place outside the governments formal economic plan-many smugglings and piracies-regional blockades-over-employment problemChinese color TV Market-full production capacity in demandprincipal battlefield-high competitionJapanese firms high-end commercialize. Increasing production basesDomestic Firms low-end market. But they were less competitive in large screen TV.-small color TV market was shrinkinglarge market size of these product lines facilitated the fast achievement of cost reduction(economy of the scale, learning effect)Consumer analysis-only 41% of households had color TV80% of urban, 28% of ruralLow-end market is not a viable long-term. But overall market was still expanding.-Buying power expanding both high-ends and low-ends - list that fi rst image of a product lasted long in the eyes of the consumer.the reason for differentiation needed focusing on high-ends -consumer preferenceUrban- denounce name, functionality were crucial factors.Rural- reasonable quality and low price were preferred.-High protected market too much tariff costlocalization neededDomestic (Korean) Market-Deteriorating of competitive advantage rising the labor cost-Korean government policy supportive of big businessgetting worse of Korean marketLosing the M/S in the U.S. and no longer competitive in the low-end productneed to change the strategy focusing on high-end, high-tech- ease of Korean marketForeign firms were permitted to sell their product directlyMore competitive in Domestic market, losing the domestic M/SSamsung had to expand the orthogonal market.Internal EnvironmentExperience in the U.S.-Set up the subsidiary there in 1979-Focusing on the low-end market segment based on competitive labor cost in Korea because of large demand and low competition base, and low barrier in the U.S.-Samsung produced a few of the most common sizes TV for cost reduction through economies of scale and the experience curve.-Dual brand policy adopting buyer brand name(large retailers or OEM) mostly but exhausting to build its own brand image-Establishing a production subsidiary in the U.S. because of trade barrier-Policy of Japanese firms targeting high-ends for differentiation through brand name recognitionMatsushita 4% of M/S in 1995 but could be high-price, higher profit-Policy of Samsung still pricing strategy dismantle though it had good quality of product3% of M/S, but much less profit than Matsushita and facing intense competition-Importance of TV industry to Samsung second proportion of Samsung electronicsIt was getting worse in situation of Samsung electronics, so needed some way to solve these problemsMarket participation in China-later market entering than Japanese firms-The establishment of SCH would enhance its image in China and speed up the accumulation of local association of the market.

The United States from 1865 to 1950 Essay example -- essays research p

The United States changed dramatically from 1865 to 1950. Many changes occurred in industrialization, foreign affairs, government, as well as in society and culture. The events that took place within this time period helped shape this country into what it is today.industrial development began with the railway line, with the help of Republican governments, who provided subsidies, loans and tax exemptions to railroad corporations. Over 52,000 miles of railroad were laid all over the rural area between 1854 and 1879. Railroads stimulated growth. They required many resources to build, such as coal, wood, glass, rubber, and brass. Most importantly, the railroad connected the country.Although small factories were already up and running three decades before the Civil War, it wasnt until after the 1850s that the industrial economy boomed. Larger factories that produced goods to sell nationally and internationally were organism built. These factories transformed the United States fro m a farming nation into the most industrialized nation in the world. There were advantages and disadvantages to this new industrial order. One disadvantage is the revile that industrialization did to the environment. Forests were cut to make way for big factories which, in some courtships, left rivers, such as those in the Northeast, toxic. Another disadvantage was the working conditions. Industrial workers were overworked and underpaid. In 1890, an unskilled worker took home $1.50 for a ten hour work day. Children were exploited, working 60 hour work weeks and taking home a third of what an adult male made. African Americans faced an even greater challenge at work, discrimination at the workplace. They were given menial jobs and paid slight than wh... ... case, Plessy vs. Ferguson, made it to the Supreme Court. The court ruled that segregation was not discrimination as long as the accommodations for both races were separate but equal. In 1954, the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education overturned the Plessy case. In 1894, African-American males were given the right to vote, even before women. In 1917, women were picketing in front of the White firm for a right to vote. Some women became militants and initiated violence for which they were thrown in jail. Women were granted the right to vote in the United States in 1920.The United States went through a lot between 1865 and 1950. It has seen many changes in industrialization, foreign policy, government, and society and culture. I believe that these events, along with many, many others, have shaped the United States into the great nation it is today.

The Half Husky :: miscellaneous

The Half HuskySocietys fire timberlandA literary essay on Margaret Laurences The Half-Husky by Mark Rozema What is it that determines what a person is to amaze? Is it our genetic makeup or is it our surroundings the sum of our experiences that brings our personalities upon us? In the short, loosely autobiographical story The Half-husky the author Margaret Laurence, gives her say on this. Harveys military strength and personality correspond with his environment Vanessas attitude is in tandem with her environment, and Nanuk has both a loving and a savage side. Is this simply his spirit or is it the sum of his experiences? Margaret Laurence is suggesting that it is our experiences the environment we live in that determine what we are to become. There is almost a direct correlation between Harvey and the environment in which he spent most of his life, more importantly the early years of his life, the developing years. Harvey is described as lethargic and pallid. This is reflective of the area of town, the environment that he grew up in the north end of town. The north end of town is filled with shacks and shanties. An unhealthy environment like this saps one of their health and vitality making them like Harvey, pallid and lethargic. Harvey torments Nanuk on a regular basis, causing him deliberate and pointless pain. He has no desired end, the pain he causes Nanuk is both a means and an end. This is the same as his home life where his aunt causes him pain when she hits him across the face with an explosive quickness. Harveys vicinity is the kind of neighborhood where there is a mentality of do now and think later, so this is what Harvey does. Harvey is symbolized in this story by the plebeian poplar, he, like the wood is considered of little value and so is put into an environment in which there is little chance of him gaining any value. He is placed into a sinkhole, created by society. Harveys personality is reflective of his life experiences he is a plebe ian poplar log that is being stored outside. Like Harvey, Vanessa reacts to situations in ways very same to the ways her main influences would react to those same situations. When talking to her brother about what to name her new dog she notices that her voice carries a disturbing echo of her granddaddys voice.

Behind Convicts Eyes by Cerceral Prison Essay -- Behind Convicts Ey

Behind a Convicts Eyes by K.C. CerceralIntroductionThis paper is about the book Behind a Convicts Eyes by K.C. Cerceral. This book was written by a young man who enters prison on a life sentence and describes the world around him. Life in prison is a subculture of its own, this subculture has its own society, row and cast system. The book describes incidents that have happen in prison to inmates. With this paper I will attempt to explain the way of life in a prison from an inmates view. Understanding Prison LifeAfter reading the book I have gained a new understanding of what inmates think about in prison. Working in an institution, I have a certain cynical attitude at times with inmates and their bays. Working in a reception facility, this is a facility where inmates are brought in from the county jails to the state intake facility, we deal with a lot of requests and questions. At times, with the phone ringing off the hook from family members and inmates with their prison request forms, you give rise a little cynical and tired of answering the same questions over and over. As I read the book I begin to understand some of the reason for the questions. Inmate(s) now realize that the officers and administrative personnel are in control of their lives. They dictate with to get up in the morning, take showers, tire meals, go to classes, the need see people for different reason, when to exercise and when to go to bed. The lost of control over their lives is a new experience for some and they would similar to be able to adjust to this new lost of freedom. Upon understanding this and in reading the book, I am not as cynical as I have been and try to be more patient in answering questions. So in a way I have changed some of my view and understanding more of prison life.Describe Strategies and Compare with Voices from the FieldSome of the adaptation strategies expenditured by ?Anonymous? and the other inmates in prison where to use nicknames to feel more individu al and unique. Being in prison can cause you to lose your identity as a person, most inmates are cognize by numbers. Another strategy was to conform to the schedule of the prisons. You can not eat when you want, shower, get up, go to recreation and go to bed. Everyone has a schedule and working with this schedules helps to learn how to cope. Also Anonymous and other inmates would take cla... ...y. As the book showed ?dad yells and blames everyone, mom yells at the kids, the older nipperren yell at the younger children, and the youngest child kicks the cat.? (Carceral, 2004, pp. 200). The youngest child is not able to understand what is really going on and feels worthless and not loved without conditions. This child will turn to where they will get attention. This can lead to undesirable associates and into crime. As the child grows older, and has children of this/her own the syndrome is passed on. ConclusionI have to say the reading gave me a different outlook on what inmates? d o and think while in prison. They become a number not a person and do have needs that have to be address. Addressing these needs will help in running an institution smoothly and more safely. Finally Anonymous makes a powerful statement in the write of this book on some policies that should be changed in prisons. I really enjoyed reading this book and having maybe a new outlook in dealings with inmates.ReferencesCarceral, K.C., (2004), Behind a Convict?s Eyes, Wadsworth, Thomson LearningSchmid, Thomas & Jones, Richard, (2001), Voices from the Field, Wadsworth,Thomson Learning

Herrick: Delight In Disorder Shows Delight In Life Essay -- essays res

The lively figures of speech in Herricks Delight in illness show his sensual please in the little things in life. The oxymorons, animations, images, and paradox in this poem display the authors enjoyment of true uniqueness. The animations in Delight in Disorder show how the speaker sees the clothing as having a will of its own that makes the outfit more bewitching (13). For example, the author cites a tempestuous petticoat and a careless shoestring as things that cause the womans dress to be unique and intriguing (9, 10). Through his use of the animation tempestuous petticoat, the author shows the reader that the petticoat not only flows freely and wildly, but the woman is also free and wild (9). The careless shoestring shows the how the disarray of the woman and her...

Herrick: Delight In Disorder Shows Delight In Life Essay -- essays res

The lively figures of speech in Herricks Delight in Disorder show his sensual delight in the little things in life. The oxymorons, animations, images, and puzzle in this poem display the authors enjoyment of true uniqueness. The animations in Delight in Disorder show how the speaker sees the clothing as having a will of its own that makes the outfit more bewitching (13). For example, the author cites a tempestuous petticoat and a careless shoestring as things that make water the womans dress to be unique and intriguing (9, 10). Through his use of the animation tempestuous petticoat, the author shows the reader that the petticoat non only flows freely and wildly, but the woman is also free and wild (9). The careless shoestring shows the how the disarray of the woman and her...

Google: Organization; Management Essay

1. Compare and contrast each of the organizational organizes from your reading.There are two organizational structures mentioned in text hierarchic Organizational Structure and Organic Organizational Structure with two possibilities of their structures being one of that of vertical or horizontal.The graded organizational structure consists of a pile of formal task and formal relationships (Daft, 2012). The military is an example of a form of hierarchical organizational structure. It is a structure that is clearly stated of powers and authority and with a developed bureaucratic control system (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). This control system instills power and authority through rules, policies, programs and discipline manuals (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012).In comparison, a hierarchical organizational structure as with an native organizational structure, they both possess upper levels of management that are responsible for making major decisions (Wk3, Lec. Sum., 2012).Organic organizational structures, although are mistakable in comparison to hierarchical organizational structures in the since of upper management making key decisions, there are umpteen differences in contrast to the hierarchical organizational structures (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). Most large organizations tend to be organic due to the complexity of technology that have more emphasis on detailed model being assigned and to who, and who will concentrate more on decision making authority (Zanzi, 1987).In a hierarchical organizational structure continuum, taking risk is not encouraged as it could mean the life or death of someone (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). However, in the organic organizational structure, risk are interpreted all day and in fact are commonly encouraged (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). 2. Ifyou were to choose one structure in which to work, which would you choose and why?I intend I would choose the hierarchal organizational structure. To me the organic organizational structure could be over burd ensome to just one or a some individuals who may be in control of more than one group of employees or departments. When the development of the hierarchical organizational structure is enforced, then you have many different means in which to carry out many different functions and distribute the work to. With this structure I can develop a excogitate easier and know it will be carried out on time, accurately and see the results and get reports from the structure below. Its like a baseb totally team it takes all 9 players to cover the field cause you never know in which direction the ball will be hit to. Covering virtually every aspect will assure that the ball is almost always controlled ant the play is made.3. Compare the organizational structures of Google and Wal-Mart.Google has an organizational structure that once seemed hierarchical in nature and characteristics when it first began, thus mimicking business organizational structure in order for it to get off the ground. The us e of fast forward, concurrent and feedback controls were in short letter as well. However, Google has recently minimized hierarchy and maximized what can be done at the individual contributing level (Mohamed, 2006). Google tend to allow its employees the opportunity to give way refreshing innovative ideas to the company. Innovation through the ranks is the norm now at Google.At Wal-Mart, they too have built a strong market in the online business market (virtual), (Mmr, 2011). With its move into the virtual market tail, as with Google, organic, yet more horizontal organizational structure so too is Wal-Marts online presents (Mmr, 2011). 4. explain what types of control processes might be found in each of the organizational structures.There are three control processes Feed forward, Concurrent and Feed Back. It is noteworthy that all three systems of controls are essentials to successful management and use resources for meeting goals (Wk3, Lec. Pg. 1 2012). If this is the case, t hen we must consider that each control has a place in which it must monitor. With Feed forward controls, this action begins before a new product or a program or plan is implemented to gain feedback in advance (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012), this in order to make plans towards the start of a new product, plan or goal. With concurrent controls, this is to gain knowledge of how the new product, plan or goal is coming along, working or functioning during its progress or after its implemented. Then with the feedback controls, we get the product, plan or goal results and are able to make adjustments, adaptations to or change our product, plan or goal to operate the way it was originally designed to do so (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012). 5. Describe what types of quality management processes might be found in each of the organizational structures.First, I believe we have to understand what control is in order to find the quality management process found in each organizational structure. Monitoring activi ties within the organization based on the expectations realized in plans (Daft, 2012) determine organizational controls. Controls establish how those things are handled and not dominance (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012)..Standards, methods and how those are measured determine quality. Once all these line up you hve what is referred to as a balance scorecard (Daft, 2012). In the hierarchical organizational structure, the type of quality management found there would be best optimized by victimisation total quality management, as with the military. Total quality management improves the originations performance at every level. Since the hierarchal organizational structure is more vertical in characteristics, then it will have more of a need for improvements, because there are more levels that need controls (Daft, 2012).As with organic organizational structures, perhaps a quality management process type best for this structure would be something like ISO (000 (Daft, 2012). When I worked at Alli ed Chemical, years ago, Allied traded and did business on an international scale. Its standard of quality wasnt restricted to that of just the United States. It had to comply with foreign standards as well and we were ISO 9000 certified. I had to take extra training classes in quality management because of the international standards that were imposed on our products that were sold abroad. Also, with the organization I chose, Google, which is an organic organizational structure, Google also operates on an international scale. So a good example would be the type of quality found in the ISO 9000 certification process which is outlined by the International Organization for Standards (Daft, 2012). deferred paymentDaft , R., (2012). Management, 10th Ed. 2012, 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Retrieved from http//digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu MGT2037 S02 Principles of Management Week 3 Lecture, p. 1 Summary. Retrieved from http//myeclassonline.comMohamed, A. (20 06). Google woos talent in code competition. Computer Weekly, 49. U.S. Business Is Reenergized by Wal-Mart. (2011). MMR, 28(1), 42. Zanzi, A. (1987). How organic is your organization? Determinants of organic/mechanistic tendencies in a public accounting firm. Journal of Management Studies, 24(2), 125-142. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu

H2 HISTORY A LEVELS PAST YEAR QUESTIONS Essay

PAST YEAR QUESTIONSPAPER 2 southeasterly Asian History (9731/02)Section A Source-Based Questions------200720082009201020112012Success and failure of A seaN in the early yearsAoceanN and the Financial Crisis of 1997The formation of ASEANVietnams membership of ASEANASEANs strengths and weaknessesReasons for the formation of ASEANSection B Essay Questions1. How Independence Was Achieved1A. Pre-War Nationalism------2007 Before 1941, belitt guide had been achieved by nationalist movements across SEA. Discuss. Achievements of nationalists2008 Ideology was more important than religion and culture for the growth of nationalist movements in the stay before WWII. How far do you agree? Reasons for nationalism2009 tax the sight that the rise of nationalist movements, before, WWII, was a reaction by the governed to economic exploitation. Reasons for nationalism2010 How effectively did colonial governments deal with the argufy of nationalist movements in southeastward Asia in the period bef ore WWII? compound strategies2011 Assess the progress made by SEA nationalist movements in the period prior to WWII. Achievements of nationalists2012 The measures taken by colonial governments in SEA before WWII merely postponed the eventual success of nationalist movements. How far do you agree? Colonial strategies1B. Japanese telephone circuit/ Post-War Nationalism---2007 Did the USA help or hinder the cause of nationalist movements in SEA in the period following WWII? internationalist support for decolonisation 2008 How far was the process of decolonization affected by the Cold War? International circumstances for decolonisation2009 To what extent was the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, during WWII, the turning point in the development of nationalist movements? Jap Occ as turning point helped/ hindered nationalists?icedvovosPage 126/11/12---2010 Which method was the most effective in the struggle for independence in the years from 1945 collaboration or resistance? Decol onisation strategies2011 Nationalist movements in SEA had high quality leadership. How far does this explain the end of colonial rule? Role of nationalists in decolonization (mass support, allaying fears, military leadership) 2012 Assess the view that resistance to the Japanese Occupation had the greatest impact on the nationalist movements in SEA. Resistance vs. collaboration2. Challenges To Independent SEA States2A. Political Structures-----2007 How successful were attempts to establish democracy in the newly independent states of Southeast Asia? Success of democratic governments2008 Democratic government is not suited to Southeast Asia. Discuss with reference to the newly independent states of Southeast Asia. Success/ failure of democratic governments2009 How significant was the Communist influence on the politics of Southeast Asian states since independence? Influence of communism 2011 How democratic prepare Southeast Asian governments been since independence? Measures of democ racy2012 Why have levels of military intervention in politics been higher in some states than others in SEA since independence? Reasons for military intervention2B. Economic Development----2007 Assess the causes of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Causes of AFC 2010 To what extent was the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 the result of economic mismanagement by Southeast Asian states? Causes of AFC 2011 How effective has the office staff of governments been in promoting economic development in independent Southeast Asian states? Effectiveness of government economic system2012 To what extent was the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 the result of currency speculation? Causes of AFC2C. National Unity--2008 Assess the view that education was more important than run-in and religion in helping to create a national identity in newly independent states. Education vs. language and religion2009 Assess the view that the policies of newly independent states towards minorities have been a major c ause of political instability. Effects of minority policiesicedvovosPage 226/11/12-2010 Assess the view that language and religion were more important than multiculturalism in creating national unity in independent Southeast Asian states. Language and religion vs. multiculturalism3. regional Conflicts And Cooperation3A. Inter-state Tensions------2007 How successful have Southeast Asian nations been in resolving tensions that have arisen between them? Resolution2008 Ideology has been the main cause of interstate tensions in SoutheastAsia. How far do you agree with this statement? Causes2009 How effectively have newly independent states in Southeast Asia dealt with territorial disputes between them? Resolution2010 Interstate tensions led to greater unity between independent Southeast Asian states in regional cooperation and security. How far do you agree with this statement? Consequences2011 The most serious causes of interstate tensions in Southeast Asia have been racial and religiou s in nature. How far do you agree with this statement? Causes2012 How important have territorial disputes been in causing inter-state tensions between SEA states since independence? CausesUntested Areas- Pre-War Nationalism Aims of early nationalist movements, nature of movements- Political Structures Failure of communism- Economic Development Economic challenges encountered and strategies adopted, role of different communities- National Unity National symbols, ideology- Inter-state Cold War, economic, historical factorsicedvovosPage 326/11/12

Social learning approach

Personality cornerstone be defined as a hypothetical concept that constitute those relatively persistent and enduring aspects of an individual which distinguishes them from other people making them unique, exclusively which at the same time permit a comparison between individual. There argon various approaches that conceptualize personality. These argon the psychoanalytic perspective, the trait theory, behaviorist ( eruditeness) theory, humanistic theories cognitive and biological approaches. This paper however will explore the behavioral and tender culture theory approaches to personality.The focus will be in comparing and contrasting them and relating them to a personal personality disorder. The chumly learning theory is an approach that argues that we learn through imitation, modeling, and observation of other people behavior. If we observe a good behavior from other people, we are likely to behave well but if we observe bad behavior from them we behave badly. Albert Bandur a is considered a major proponent of this theory. This approach as well considers the environmental factors claiming they reinforce modeling.An individual can be beef up directly by a model for example a student can dress like other to fit in their group. A third gear person can also reinforce modeling. for example a teacher may praise a certain student making the others to model him. It is also possible to imitate the behavior itself. For example a student may play football during his leisure time influencing another to model the behavior. Social learning theory argues that reinforcement and punishment are necessary in learning. They influence the level at which a person demonstrates a learnt behavior.They argue that moral shrewdness concerning the right or wrong is modeled. Bandura outlined from major condition for modeling to occur paying attention, remembering, ability to replicate, and motivation. Modeling leads to acquisition of new behavior, affects the frequency of emba rking a learner behavior, encourages a forbidden behavior and increases the frequency of a similar behavior. They emphasize of self regulation in personality development. For example setting aver goals, self observation, self judgment and self reaction (Ormrod, J. E1999)The behavioral approach in personality assessment argues that personality can be acquired through observation. It aim the environment account equal to(p) to personality difference among people. It assumes that we can understand other people by observing how they behave. It also argues that a response to certain stimuli molds behavior. breeding can occur though conditioning in both human and non human animals. It also assumes that all human are equal at birth. We are born a tabula rasa empty slit as we grow, the environmental factors molds our personality.Proponents of this approach include Skinners (1957) operant condition theory, Pavlov (1936) conditioning theory and Watson (1958). (Axialis Team 2008) Both the social learning and behavioral theories emphasize on observation learning to personality acquisition. They consider environmental factors that influence our personality. They also consider reinforcement and punishment an of the essence(p) factor in learning. However, social learning theory argues that learning is possible without necessarily changing the behavior.This contrast the behavioral approach that argues that learning must be represented by a permanent change in behavior. Social learning assumes people can learn through observation alone and which expertness not affect their performance thus may not or may impact behavior change. This contrasts the behavioral approach which assumes learning must inquire a permanent change in behavior as well conditioning necessity in learning. Modeling, imitation and observation cannot be assumed in behavioral acquisition. Environmental factors too are very important in personality assessment.These two approaches consider this. They both make a step to develop broader personality to include the animals. On the other hand, we cannot assume the thought processes, unobservable activities, biological and genetic factors in personality assessment and which they assume. Conditioning approach can be useful in explaining how we develop a consumption how we model it, who influence us towards the habit and how we can stop the habit. In my early stages of life, I used to like toys very much. My reboot would make sure that they bought me. Initially, my elder brother used to like them too.My parents would buy him every time he performed reveal in school. He would spend time with them on his free time. He motivated my love for toys. When I started going to school, my parents adopted a similar system in buying me toys. It was not after I destroyed one like before, but after I performed better in school. I remember I had a hard time to align to this. Previously I mishandled them after all they would buy me if damaged. This ti me round, it was based on performance. I wasnt a good performer but I had to work hard to get some new toys. If I didnt perform well, the punishment was no toy.As time went by, my performance deteriorated. My parents withdrew their reinforcement. At the long run, there were no more new toys. The old ones were not pleasant at all. I hated them. My performance currently is better but I hate toys. In the behavioral view, I observed the habit from my brother and learnt it, the environmental factors, my parent, influenced me to possess the habit of destroying them in order to be bought some new. I was reinforced to work harder to get new toys. The negative stimulation, the punishment, was not to be bought new toys.The aversive stimulus was my parents withdrawal of new toys when my performance decreased. I later stopped liking toys a result of the negative reinforcement. In the social learning view, I learnt the habit from observing my brother he used his free time well. My brother was my role model. I paid attention to his habit, I rehearsed and was able to replicate the way he handled and treated the toys. However, my parent motivated me by realizing my habit and therefore bought me some more toys. I did not permanently adapt the behavior implying that learning does not necessarily change behavior.Social learning approach best describes my personality I was able to observe, pay attention, rehearse and replicate my brothers behavior thus influencing my personality. I was able to regulate myself in settling my goals, observe and make my own judgment and choose my reaction from my parents move towards my habit. These theories explore the complexity of human nature. Whichever dimension they take as long as it explain personality assessment, is worth credential. However, if these approaches are unify they would have a better explanation to personality assessment.

Aseptic Technique Essay

Aseptic technique is employed to maximize and maintain asepsis, the absence of pathogenic organisms, in the clinical setting. The goals of aseptic technique argon to protect the patient from infection and to prevent the spread of pathogens. Often, practices that clean (remove dirt and other impurities), sanitize ( take the number of microorganisms to safe levels), or disinfect (remove most(prenominal) microorganisms save not highly resistant ones) ar not sufficient to prevent infection.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that over 27 million functional procedures argon performed in the United States each year. Surgical site infections ar the third most common nosocomial ( hospital-acquired) infection and be responsible for longer hospital stays and increased costs to the patient and hospital. Aseptic technique is vital in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with running(a) infections. DescriptionAseptic technique can be applied in any c linical setting. Pathogens may introduce infection to the patient through contact with the purlieu, military force, or equipment. All patients are emfly vulnerable to infection, although certain situations further increase vulnerability, such as extensive burns or immune disorders that disturb the bodys internal defenses. Typical situations that call for aseptic measures include surgery and the insertion of intravenous lines, urinary catheters, and drains.Asepsis in the operating room Aseptic technique is most strictly applied in the operating room because of the direct and often extensive disruption of skin and underlying tissue. Aseptic technique helps to prevent or minimize postoperative infection.The most common source of pathogens that cause surgical site infections is the patient. While microorganisms normally colonize parts in or on the human body without causing disease, infection may result when this endogenous flora is introduced to tissues exposed during surgical proc edures. In order to reduce this risk, the patient is prepared or prepped by shaving hair from the surgical site cleansing with a disinfectant containing such chemicals as iodine, alcohol, or chlorhexidine gluconate and applying aseptic drapes around the surgical site.In all clinical settings, handwashing is an important step in asepsis. The 2002 Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines of the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) states that proper handwashing can be the single most important measure to reduce the spread of microorganisms. In general settings, hold are to be washed when visibly soiled, before and after contact with the patient, after contact with other potential sources of microorganisms, before invasive procedures, and after removal of gloves. Proper handwashing for most clinical settings involves removal of jewelry, avoidance of clothing contact with the sink, and a minimum of 1015 seconds of hand scrubbing with soap, warm water, and vig orous friction.A surgical scrub is performed by members of the surgical team who will come into contact with the sterile scrape up area or sterile instruments and equipment. This procedure requires use of a long-acting, powerful, antimicrobial soap on the reach and forearms for a longer period of time than used for ordinary handwashing. Institutional policy usually designates an acceptable minimum length of time required the CDC recommends at least two to five minutes of scrubbing. Thorough drying is essential, as moist surfaces invite the presence of pathogens. Contact with the faucet or other potential contaminants should be avoided. The faucet can be turned off with a dry paper towel, or, in many cases, through use of a foot pedal. An important principle of aseptic technique is that fluid (a potential flair of pathogen transmission) flows in the direction of gravity. With this in mind, hands are held below elbows during the surgical scrub and above elbows following the surgi cal scrub. Despite this careful scrub, bare hands are always considered potential sources of infection.Sterile surgical clothing or protective devices such as gloves, face masks, goggles, and transparent eye/face shields swear out as barriers against microorganisms and are move intoned to maintain asepsis in the operating room. This practice includes covering facial hair, tucking hair out of sight, and removing jewelry or other suspension objects that may harbor unwanted organisms. This garb must be put on with deliberate care to avoid touching external, sterile surfaces with nonsterile objects including the skin. This ensures that potentially dirty stages such as hands and clothing remain behind protective barriers, thus prohibiting inadvertent entry of microorganisms into sterile areas. Personnel assist the surgeon to don gloves and garb and arrange equipment to minimize the risk of contamination.Donning sterile gloves requires specific technique so that the outer glove is no t touched by the hand. A medium-large cuff exposing the inner glove is created so that the glove may be grasped during donning. It is essential to avoid touching nonsterile items once sterile gloves are applied the hands may be kept interlaced to avoid inadvertent contamination. Any break in the glove or touching the glove to a nonsterile surface requires immediate removal and application of new gloves.Asepsis in the operating room or for other invasive procedures is also maintained by creating sterile surgical fields with drapes. Sterile drapes are sterilized linens placed on the patient or around the field to delineate sterile areas. Drapes or wrapped kits of equipment are opened in such a way that the contents do not touch non-sterile items or surfaces. Aspects of this method include opening the farthest areas of a packet first, avoiding leaning over the contents, and preventing opened flaps from falling back onto contents.Equipment and supplies also need careful attention. M edical equipment such as surgical instruments can be sterilized by chemical treatment, radiation, gas, or heat. Personnel can take steps to ensure sterility by assessing that sterile packages are dry and intact and checking sterility indicators such as dates or colored tape that changes color when sterile.In the operating room, staff study assignments so that those who have undergone surgical scrub and donning of sterile garb are positioned closer to the patient. Only scrubbed personnel are allowed into the sterile field. Arms of scrubbed staff are to remain within the field at all times, and reaching below the level of the patient or turning away from the sterile field are considered breaches in asepsis.Other unscrubbed staff members are assigned to the perimeter and remain on hand to obtain supplies, acquire assistance, and facilitate communication with outside personnel. Unscrubbed personnel may relay equipment to scrubbed personnel only in a way that preserves the sterile field . For example, an unscrubbed nurse may open a package of forceps in a sterile fashion so that he or she never touches the sterilized inside portion, the scrubbed staff, or the sterile field. The unpolluted item may either be picked up by a scrubbed staff member or carefully placed on to the sterile field.The environment contains potential hazards that may spread pathogens through movement, touch, or proximity. Interventions such as restricting traffic in the operating room, maintaining positive-pressure airflow (to prevent air from contaminated areas from entering the operating room), or using low-particle generating garb help to minimize environmental hazards.

Product Selection Paper

Some of the pros of adding additional departments to the NACA organization would be exposing the comp both on a national level and empowering lower income clients in the mortgage and business processes. The pros of having an advertising department will enable us to bring in customers that may not be aware of the extensive run our company provides. By making our website more appealing it will draw people in to want to know more about what we have to pass the consumer.We stinker also concentrate on commercials and billboards that will further echo our message of hope and prosperity to those who have been overlooked by mainstream mortgage companies. By implementing a department that will focus on helping minorities start their own businesses will also help rehabilitate impoverished neighborhoods. Building up low income neighborhoods not only helps the owners of the businesses, but it changes the perception of the area and the people in that area.The cons that come along with adding t hese two departments will be the cost involved. Anytime a company wants to expand its client base there is a good chance that it means spending more money. Advertising can be very expensive, but the money is worth it if your clientele increases. An increase in clientele means an increase in revenue for the company. As removed as the loans for businesses are concerned that too will eventually be a profit for the company.The more loans that are acquired for future business ventures will be a positive for the company. A company that is involved in acquiring real estate is in a good position financially. As with any new venture it takes time to reap the rewards of new ideas and departments. If we continue to provide the services we have to our customers and make dreams of homeownership and entrepreneurship come true we will be modernistic leaders in the mortgage industry.

Michael Ondaatje’s “Elizabeth” Essay

Michael Ondaatjes Elizabeth portrays the life of the English Queen Elizabeth I. Ondaatje fuses prose and poetry, fact and fiction, realism and surrealism. The effect of this fusion creates a high degree of dramatic realism. It illustrates the furtherance and transition from childhood to adulthood.The Poem opens with a boylike Elizabeth harvesting apples with her father ( mightiness Henry VIII) and Uncle Jack (fictional character) preceded by a trip to the zoo. The atmosphere suddenly shifts from going away to the zoo, to glassful fishing with Philip (King of Spain) on a cold winter day. Abruptly, the atmosphere and time shifts again to describing Marys (Elizabeths stepsister) teeth. Then jumps to a move scene with Elizabeths confidant, Tom (Lord Thomas Seymour), which is followed by the execution of Tom. Finally, the poem ends with a rather short description of Elizabeth writing poems with a nonher confidant, the Earl of Essex.The narrative lines and descriptive passages employed in Elizabeth do not flow logically and coherently from point A to point B. The names do not appear to be in historical and chronological order however, they fit into a generalized image of the political mayhem, betrayal, and punishments of that time. Elizabeths stepsister Bloody Mary Tudor, Marys husband Philip II of Spain, the unfortunate Lord Tom Seymour, and her late favorite, the Earl of Essex, were all executed.Ondaatjes Elizabeth alters from child-voice through adolescent-voice to adult-voice, catching the tone of each stage of maturity. Ondaatjes burlesque of the tones shows how Elizabeth must, through debilitating maturity and complex situations, sacrifice passion to power, as how a young ruler would have to. For example in stanza three, Philip broke the ice(19) and then he Philip kissed me Elizabeth(22), suggests that love is deceitful, and is to be avoided. Furthermore in stanza five, I kept the love in my palm till it blistered(34) connotes that love is painful and not time-worthy. Death is present and apparent in last stanzas as both threat and momento mori (remembrance for the dead), even to the young mischievous girl who hid the apple in my agency/ till it shrunk like a face/growing eyes and teeth ribs(7-9).The symbolic references to apple(2) and snake(12) conjure up the relationship between Elizabeths life to that of Adams and Eves. The evil, deceptive snake in Adam and Eve convinces Eve to eat the apple, which in the end leads to her downfall. Elizabeths father, King Henry VIII of England, compliments and sides with snake in the zoo, by describing it as Smart(16). This siding of the snake might indicate to the readers of the residing evil within him. In stanza three, the image of ice fishing and eating raw, uncooked fish implies a primitive and uncivilized way of living. A primitive life is a treacherous one.The correlation between the snake, the father, and the primitiveness can lead to a sense of danger in Elizabeths life. Elizabeth sense s the danger and evades it by becoming sly and controlling. This is indicated by the tonal transition in as she slides from thoughts of Tom, soft laughing(28) and turning / with the rhythm of the sun on warped branches, / whod hold my breast and rest it move like a snail / leaving his quick urgent love in my palm(30-34), to his beheading, and finally to her later cool(44) flirtations with white young Essex (45). Nevertheless, Elizabeths control of voice captures the readers attention.Elizabeth is one example of Ondaatjes attempts to defy traditional poetry writing. And he achieves it in the incoherency of events, the un-rhythmic lines and the irregular stanzas.

Resistance to British Nationalism

Since the cut Revolution, the idea of self-determination has spread all around the world, unifying heaps inside nations, starting new revolutions, erasing imperiums, release colonies and scaring modern put ups. There are few models explaining the emergence of nationalism and the definitions of this pheno custodyon vary from an author to another. Anthony D. Smith says it is an ideological motion aiming at reaching self-determination and independence in the name of a nation.He besides says that humanity is natu have words divided into nations. But this concept is rather revealing the nationalist way of intellection because a quick look in the past is enough to show that the independence process is not instinctive. umpteen writers like Boyd Shafer and Louis Snyder have studied the subject since homo War I in do to explain the subject but as says Arthur Waldron enclosing nationalism in a theory has turn out to be a difficult task.An historical case of the nationalism probl em is the nationalist movement in India. Indians celebrated 50 years of independence from British rule in August 1997. The end of the empire in India was a massive blow to British imperialism.This term paper first studies the steps of the Hesperian intrusion into India and then tries to describe how the Indian nationalism was born.When the European community began to expand in India, a new way of life entered cities. It was copied by the indigenous people who were seduced by horse opera techniques. Occidental pedagogics was the main vector of acculturation since young Indians were very receptive to the European message. So the new Indian generation speedily became nationalist, socialist, and democrat.Masters like Cavour or Mazzini were the new heroes for the young students. That is why the British g everywherenment activity prohibited the study of British History of the XIXth century in Indian schools. But it was already as intumesce modern. The process could not be stopped at that stage. Indians had acquired a better knowledge of European last and it was not received without critique. European authors who were keen on criticizing Europe Tolstoi, for example influenced India.So it seems that the introduction of western ideas and their critiques contributed to the emergence of nationalism. The initiation of the indigenous elite to Western History would have founded their quest for independence, following a nationalist scheme transmitted by occidental education. A complex of inferiority began to spread among Indians, largely because of the British racist attitude. Europeans were neglecting the Indian society. From the 1830s, racist movements began to make British people feel superior. They considered Indians as physically and morally challenged. This inferiority was attested by the failure of traditional gross outs like the Mutiny in 1857. Tara Chand1 says that Indians were move by the evident superiority of their colons in war, in administration, and in industry.Indians wanted their ground to rank among the fine-looking nations, politically and industrially. From the 1870s, they became aware of their prestigious past and politicians began to use that argument in their speeches. Those kindred politicians alike employ religious festivities to spread their nationalist message. The cropd elite could do better than the Congress by utilize the religious field. Political activities could then enter the smallest village thanks to religion. This tactic allowed leaders to unify a rising population. Mother India was born.1Chand, Tara. History of the Freedom Movement in India.a. The East India companion and the Conquest of IndiaThe intentions of the merchants who create the East India fellowship and those of Queen Elizabeth I were rarely matched by the outcome. The venture failed to achieve its stated objectives it make little impression on the Dutch control of the spice trade and could not establish a lasting outpost in the East Indies in the early years and yet succeeded beyond authorities note in establishing phalanx dominance and a political empire for Britain in India.By the middle of the seventeenth century the East India Company could be found trading alongside Indian merchants in the East, and the Company shipped goods as diverse as cloth from southern India to Sumatra, and coffee from Arabia to India. Profits thus generated were ploughed venture into buying the spices required back home. Gradually the Company built up its power base in India, opening up trading posts in Madras and Calcutta, and thwarted French attempts to emulate it there. From these secure foundations it was able to try out new markets and sources for trading products.As European interest in the East Indies increased, so the Company modified native designs and products to display case Western tastes the growth of the Kashmir shawl industry, and the development of the design that has become known as Paisley world one su ch example.The process of territorial expansion that started with the annexation of Bengal, the private trade which enabled merchants in the Companys service to make fortunes on the side, coupled with a high level of corruption, meant that more and more men sought their fortunes in India.The early lifestyle of the merchant adventurer in the Companys trading posts gave way to a more conventional society, with its clubs, churches and social functions. The accoutrements of civilized life had to be imported from England, and many were adapted to suit the new circumstances. Wicker picnic hampers and tonic water all evolved from the needs imposed by the acidulated Indian climate. Hugely wealthy men returning from Company service to England attracted much envy as they bought up country houses and seats in Parliament, and many of these nabobs kept the habits they had learnt in India.By the early nineteenth century the East India Companys writ extended across near of India.In 1773 the Brit ish government took over most responsibility for ruling British India. The Regulating Act set up a governor-general and council propose partly by the East India Company and partly by the government. It was an act for establishing certain regulations for the better vigilance of the affairs of the East India Company, as well in India as in Europe. Here is the beginning of it1Whereas the several(prenominal) powers and authorities granted by charters to the united company of merchants in England trading to the East Indies have been found, by experience, not to have sufficient force and efficacy to prevent various abuses which have prevailed in the government and administration of the affairs of the said united company, as well at home as in India, to the manifest injury of the public credit, and of the commercial interests of the said company and it is therefore become highly politic that certain further regulations, better adapted to their present circumstances and condition, shoul d be provided and established And, for the better direction of the said united companys affairs in India, be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That, for the government of the governing body of Fort William in Bengal, there shall be appointed a governor-general, and four counselors and that the whole civil and military government of the said presidency, and also the ordering, management and government of all the territorial acquisitions and revenues in the kingdoms of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa, shall, during such clock time as the territorial acquisitions and revenues shall remain in the possession of the said united company, be, and are hereby vested in the said governor-general and council of the said presidency of Fort William in Bengal, in like manner, to all intents and purposes whatsoever as the same now are, or at any time heretofore might have been exercised by the president and council, or select committee, in the said kingdoms.c. Clash of Cultures and the R easons of the ConflictThere are ternary reasons for the Indian impinge the religious conflict between Hindoos and Muslims the social conflict about the Untouchables the colonial conflict about the status of IndiaIn the three conflicts, the main actor was Gandhi himself. In the first conflict, the fighting adversaries were the Hindus and the Muslims in the second one, the adversaries were the Untouchables and Gandhi who were fighting for their cause , and the tradition defenders in the last one, the adversaries were India and the British government.So, Gandhi was the link between Indians and the government. tone of voice that the first conflict was existing before Gandhi even intervened.1 Internet Modern History SourcebookIn 1857 the British faced a dangerous rebellion, commonly called the Indian Mutiny, a polemical name implying that it was the revolt of undisciplined soldiers. Actually it was a revolt of the Indian army, led by their officers, known as sepoys. Many Indians out side the army had been restless for decades. Rulers had been conquered and dethroned. Landowners had lost their property and been replaced by ones more friendly to the British. Religious sentiments were inflamed. The British regarded Indian beliefs as repulsive they had outlawed the suttee, or widow burning, and suppressed the Thugs, a small cabal of Holy Assassins. One officer even declared that the British were going to abolish the castes.Mysterious propaganda also circulated all over India. It infiltrated the sepoys, who announced to Muslim soldiers that certain newly issued cartridges were greased with the fat of pigs, and said to the Hindus that the same cartridges were greased with the fat of the cow. Since for the Hindus the cow was sacred, and for Muslims, to touch pork was unholy, many soldiers were outraged. The sepoys mutinied in the Ganges valley, and with them the long static Mogul and his court, joined in to rise against the British.Indias population was rich with di verse ethnic and cultural groups. pagan groups were those based on a sense of common ancestry, while cultural groups could be either do up of people of different ethnic origins who shared a common language, or of ethnic groups with some customs and beliefs in common, such as castes of a particular locality. The diverse ethnic and cultural origins of the people of India were shared by the other peoples of the Indian subcontinent, including the inhabitants of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka.The caste system was pervasive in India. Although it was entwined in Hindu beliefs, it encompassed non-Hindus as well. A caste was a social class to which a person belonged at nascency and which was ranked against other castes, typically on a continuum of perceived purity and pollution. People generally marry within their own caste. In rural areas, caste could also govern where people lived or what occupations they occupied in. The particular features of the caste system vari ed considerably from community to community and across regions.The life of Indians was relate in the family. Extended families often lived together, with 2 or more adult generations, or brothers, sharing a house.Cultural cliches and segregation seemed to be the source of nationalism in India. According to Dov Ronen,1 every human being is looking forward to self-determination. And when this quest is altered, groups crystallize to eliminate the obstacle. The aggression coming from outside provokes the creation of a certain group conscience. According to the same Ronen, there must be an intelligentsia as well as a p economic consumptiontariat to form an effective nationalist movement. In India, the development of the proletariat was late and modest. Nevertheless, the western penetration made new social categories emerge, like the intelligentsia.The Indian National Congress was created by a group of English-speaking urban intellectuals in 1885 to lead the press for Indias independenc e. The pilot program moderate lead was soon more militant group, led by Bal GangadharTilak, which demanded self-rule for India. The Congress originally advocated limited parliamentary reforms. In 1920 it adopted the strategy of nonviolent resistance devised by Mohandas K. Gandhi. By 1929 the Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, was demanding conglomeration independence. After India gained independence in 1947, the Congress controlled the central government and most of the Indian state governments for 20 years.2. Gandhi and his fight for freedom in IndiaWhen Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came back from South Africa in 1914, he began supporting Britain in World War One. During this period, he was not involved in much politics, but rather stayed on the sidelines, so to speak, occasionally helping to recruit men.1 Ronen, Dov. The Quest for Self-Determination. 1979For many years, Gandhi had been friendly with Britain, but he became exceedingly dysphoric at the passing of the Rowlatt Bil ls, which were bills that stated that those suspected of sedition could be imprisoned without trial. He outright called a Satyagraha (firmness in truth, civil disobedience) struggle against Great Britain. Gandhi had meant for the citizens to use ahimsa (non-injury) methods of kvetching, but they protested violently in some areas, leading to the killing of 400 Indians.By 1920, Gandhi was extremely influential among Indians. He quickly reformed the old Indian National Congress into a newer, more serious organization. He called a huge boycott of British goods and services, including schools and the like. With a leader like Gandhi, the Indian people were no monthlong afraid of their foreign rulers and began protesting. When police arrived, they lined up to be arrested, hoping to clog the system and stop the British. Thousands were arrested and the movement was mostly a success, but a few violent outbreaks like in the previous protest caused the INC and their president Gandhi to cal l the protest off and admit it a mistake.Gandhi himself was arrested shortly subsequentlyward in 1922 and sentenced to sestet years, but he was released four years early due to appendicitis. However, even this short sentence took its toll. The INC had offend into two parts and the strong bond that had grown between the Hindus and Muslims when they protested together had dissolved as well. slim struggles still took place in villages, prompting Gandhi to fast for three weeks, which brought about peace effectively.Perhaps his most amazing feat was the Satyagraha against the salt tax in 1930. Instead of buying salt from the British, Gandhi and several grand piano other Indians marched to the Arabian Sea and made their own salt by evaporating seawater. As a result, over 60,000 people were immure. A year later, Gandhi met with Lord Irwin and the two agreed to allow Gandhi to act as a representative at conferences in London, but the conferences failed to help them, and upon Gandhis r eturn to India, he and the other leaders of the INC were jailed. time in jail, they found out that the new constitution would discriminate against the untouchable caste by placing them in a different electorate.Gandhi immediately started fasting for change. The government knew they had to change this portion of the constitution quickly, for if Gandhi were to die, revolution would be imminent. Gandhi resigned as president of the INC in 1934 and left the organization entirely to pursue a plan to educate From the bottom up, starting with the rural areas of India, which accounted for 85%1 of the population. He encouraged the peasants to spin and cast to supplement their meager incomes. He himself eventually moved to Sevagram and centered his program there.When World War both started, the INC supported Britain on the condition that they withdraw completely from India. Gandhi demanded their withdrawal as well. The British simply jailed all of them. When the end of the war came, India b ecame independent shortly afterward, in 1947, but it split as it became independent, forming Pakistan. Gandhi was upset that Indian freedom did not come with Indian unity, but nonetheless plunged himself into helping repair the drunken reveller ravaged areas and fasting for peace in those places where the fighting continued over religion. In that way, he performed two great feats by stopping the riots in Calcutta in September of 1947 as well as causing a truce in Delhi in January of 1948. Alas, he was not able to celebrate freedom for long, as he was shot to death on January 30, 1948, on his way to the evening prayer. Yet he died with freedom, peace, and chicane within his heart.The Muslim League was a Muslim political organization founded in India in 1906. Its original purpose was to protect the political rights of Muslims in India and to prevent Hindu political control of the entire Indian subcontinent once independence from the British was achieved. For several decades the grou p advocated Hindu and Muslim unity within India. chthonic confederacy president Muhammad Ali Jinnah, however, it came to demand a separate Muslim state from the British out of interrelate that an independent India would be dominated by Hindus.During World War II, the Muslim League gave support to the British and in return the British allowed the league to gain strength. In 1947 the league succeeded in having the Muslim state of Pakistan separated from Hindu-dominated India. Renamed the All-Pakistan Muslim League, it became the majority political party in the first parliament of the newly created nation. Although the league has remained a political force in Pakistan, internal dissension and major losses in the 1954 elections, peculiarly in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), caused the party to fragment into several factions.1Fischer, Louis. La vie du Mahatma Gandhi. Paris Calmann-Levy, 1954.On June 3, 1947, the British Government announced the division of India. Though Gandhi had no t given his consent to it, he advised the country to accept it.On August 15, 1947, the struggle for independence was over. The British rule in India came to an end after nearly 200 years, and two sovereign states, India and Pakistan appeared on the map. Nehru became the first indigenous Minister of India and Sardar Patel the Deputy Prime Minister. The whole country celebrated the day. There were singing and dancing processions and parades everywhere. Free Indias tricolor flag fluttered proudly on the historical Red Fort in Delhi and the National Anthem was sung in chorus.In the story of early resistance to British imperialism since the very beginning of the conflict, Gandhi has played a main role everywhere. His nonviolent philosophy was a key element in the story. That this why a study on this topic had to look at the relation Gandhi had with the masses and with the British. This relation is extremely dramatic if we want to go steady how the beliefs of one man succeeded in convin cing an entire people. To achieve goals as big as the struggle for independence and the peace between Hindus and Muslims, the action of one man was not enough he had to rally the men looking forward to the same objectives.The study of British imperialism in India helps to understand some flowing topics like Kosovo, Eire, Algeria, and Pakistan, even if in the story of India it may be the word imperialism that is most relevant.