Consumer Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Consumer Behavior - Research Paper Example It was primarily responsible for introducing smartphones to the public. This product made consumers realise that they could browse the web, communicate and do several other things on their mobile phones. It was after the Apple iPhone that the mobile app market rose to its current status. Apple was not the engineer or pioneer of mobile applications or smart phones; however, they were responsible for introducing it to the mass market. Through their elegant presentation, gracious store atmosphere, and well planned innovations, the company has garnered a loyal following from electronic and mobile enthusiasts alike (Sass 2). Every time Apple launches a new version of the IPhone, hoards of consumers will be waiting in line at any of their stores for the purchase of its products. Sometimes, buyers may camp outside their branches overnight. The organisation may get pre-orders for about 2 million iphones within the first hour of release. For the past five years, the same hype has been created around Apple’s products, and it looks like this trend will continue in the foreseeable future. As explained earlier, clanning is a phenomenon that takes place among consumers who share similar values and interests. Part of the reason why Apple products create a lot of excitement is the fact that they bring together persons with similar interests. When one consumer was asked why they would wait for hours in line in order to buy an iPhone, the person replied that it is an opportunity to meet people who have the same passion. The company has a community of enthusiasts who simply enjoy being part of something new and exciting. They thrive in the anticipation and suspense created around a new product launch. Apple is well aware of this consumer behaviour, thus explaining why it always creates a lot of secrecy around its launches (Vuong 6). The organisation never tells buyers how many phones it has stocked in order to create suspense.

Determine Domain and Range Essay Example for Free

Determine Domain and Range Essay the graph by going to the graph window, clicking on File, scrolling down to copy to clipboard and clicking on copy to clipboard. In your opened Word document click on Edit/Paste. Below the pasted graph, answer the following questions. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to zero ( ). [0, +? ) B. On the same graph in Winplot, repeat the procedure above for a new function and add the graph to the previous graph. Copy and paste the new graph into the Word document. Below the new graph, answer the questions below. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to two ( ). [2, +? ) C. Again, on the same graph in Winplot that contains the other two functions, graph a third function . Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions below. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to minus three ( ). [-3, +? ) D. By observing the answers you have submitted for parts A, B, and C, make a general statement about the domain and range for a function of the type: , for a 0 and also for a 0. The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to a ( ). [a, +? ) 2. Graphing a Linear Function A. Use Winplot to graph the following linear functions on the same graph. See problem one for how to graph in Winplot and paste the graphs into Word. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (1) Of the three equations, which has the steeper graph? What is its slope? Of the three equations, has the steeper graph. The slope of is 7/4. (2) What point do all three lines have in common? (Express as an ordered pair. ) All three lines have point (0, 0) in common. B. Use Winplot to graph the following three linear functions on the same graph. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (1) Compare the graph of the first equation to those of the other two equations. What effect does adding the +1 (second equation) and then the -2 (third equation) have on their graphs as compared to the original graph (first equation )? The graph of equation is parallel to graph of equations and . Adding the +1 to the original graph of , moves graph up by 1 unit. Adding the -1 to the original graph of , moves graph down by 2 unit. (2) Complete the following sentence: The word which best describes the three lines in the graph is _Parallel__. (choose one: perpendicular, intersecting, or parallel. ) (3) What is the slope of each of the three lines? The slope of each of the three lines is ?. (4) What is the y-intercept for each line, respectively? Give the ordered pair for each. The y-intercept for lines , , and are (0,0), (0,1), and (0, -2), respectively. C. Using Winplot, graph the functions y = 3 and y = | x | on the same graph. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (Enter y = abs(x) into Winplot to graph the second equation). (1) Describe the shape of the graph y = | x |. The shape of the graph is similar to ‘V’. Since y = |x|, therefore the value of y will be always positive and the graph will be represented by equations of two line that forms ‘V’ shape at (0,0). (2) What orientation (horizontal or vertical) does the line y = 3 have? The line y = 3 have horizontal orientation. (3) List the ordered pairs of the 3 points which form a triangle in the picture, (-3, 3), (0,0), and (3,3) (4) Using the formula A = ? bh, what is the area of the triangle pictured? A = (1/2)bh = (1/2)*6*3 = 9 square units. 3. Match the Graph of a Function with its Equation A. Copy and paste all six graphs shown below into your Word document. Label each graph with the appropriate equation from the following list. Use Winplot to help determine the correct match of equation to the given graph.

Racial Prejudice in Harper Lee´s To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- discri

Life is like a thrill ride; one never knows what will be in store for them. Many characters in the story To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee feel the same way about life, having experienced many surprising and unexpected turns of events. This story is about a sleepy southern town filled with prejudice, and a lawyer’s quest, along with his children Scout and Jem, to take steps in ridding the town of its prejudiced attitude. Despite being a white man, a lawyer named Atticus, defends an innocent black man accused of raping a white woman. However, everything does not go as was hoped, and the mindset of the society overpowered Atticus’s fair-minded argument. From this emerges a theme regarding the bigotry and bias overwhelming Maycomb: A prejudiced society results in blindness and ignorance, which can be thwarted through courageous and compassionate actions. The discriminatory mindset of Maycomb’s society shows how prejudice can result in blindness. For example, in Scout’s class, Miss Gates talks about persecution of innocent people in a society after a student brings up the topic of Hitler and the massacre going on in Germany. â€Å"Over here we don’t believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced.† (329) Miss Gates is extremely biased towards black people in her own society, and she doesn’t recognize the atrocities happening all around her, similar to the ones happening in Germany. This quote employs irony to show that because of these dominant external and internal influences, Miss Gates is blind to the injustice taking place. She is overly discriminatory towards black people, and feels that they should be treated as lower than white people. This shows how strongly biased mindsets, similar to th... ...history by nearly every race and group in the world; even those who seem the most peaceful and sophisticated commit this atrocity. For example, in the American colonial times, white men from Europe settling in the Americas discriminated against the Native Americans. They decided that they were superior to the Native Americans, and that they had total right to rampage their native lands and claim it as their own. This has been happening ever since the beginning of time and it will continue until the end of civilization, but through courage and compassion, the destructive course of prejudice can be controlled. Work Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1982.

Deutsche Brewery Question and Answer

1. What accounts for Deutsche Brauerei’s (DB) rapid growth in recent years? What strategic choices were made? The Ukraine account grow rapidly in the recent years. The strategic is just expanding, more focus on the sale/volume, not on how to turn the order to money. It can be understood that the local distributors need some policy support from DB, because they just start, still at the beginning of capitalization period. The current credit policy is applicable for the starting phase, but long term it needs to be adapted (e. g annual bounce on the pay on time accounts).Meanwhile because of fast expansion, more investments on the Assets in Ukraine is needed. The financial plan includes a 7 million euro investment in new plant and equipment for the Ukrainian operations in 2001, followed by a 6. 8 million euro investment in 2002 for a new Ukranian warehouse and distribution center. Which is reasonable, but need more detail plan/business case before make the decision. I would say, h alf of the amount should be financed by Ukraine team itself, if they are able to turn the account receivable to cash. 2.What is the credit policy for DB for distributors in the Ukraine? Why is it different from other sales? Is it appropriate (examine the business models in both instances). The credit policy for Ukranian distributors from 2 percent 10, net 40 to 2 percent 10, net 80 (clients could take a 2% discount if payment was made within 10 days of the invoice, otherwise payment was due in full within 80 days). The credit policy for Ukranian distributors differed because Ukrainian entrepreneurs, who are ambitious to grow but without support from the bank as in Germany.The credit policy for the Ukranian distributors is applicable, which can support the distributor to expand, buy new equipment, and required more time than usual to pay. Also is a good investment for DB to build up the relationship with the distributor and meanwhile invest for the futurn. But on the other hand, long payment turn cost bad cash flow. In Ex1, the account receivable increase a lot, which 3. Why does this profitable firm need increasing amounts of debt? If the company wants to expand, they need cash.It seems that DB is profitable, but because of the big account receivable, which cause actually cash tie-up. In order to still keep expanding, DB have to increasing amount of debt for investing. 4. Something about dividends: The quarterly dividend proposed is 698,000 euro, an amount equal to 25% of the projected 2001 dividends (2,793 k). However, this dividend increase is based on projected earnings, and several factors affect whether those earnings. Better to reserve a part of money till end of the year. . What should Greta do with respect to: the proposed raise for Pinchuk, the quarterly dividend and the financial plan for 2001? Regarding the credit policy for Ukranian distributors, Oleg argues that this process is profitable for the company. Actually, Ex1 in the base case shows accou nts receivables in the Ukraine increased 30% from 1999 to 2000, and is projected to increase for the next 2 years (50% then 30% based on the previous year). Having a large amount of money tied up in receivables is risky.My idea will be short the payment to 40 days, pay in 10 days will have even bigger discount 3-4%, meanwhile, if the account can pay all the bill on time (40 days), can get annul bounce (tbd). For the investment, I will be more careful, Although the data should the growth of sale and assent is not hand in hand. But because of the high debt/equity ratio, I will be more careful on the investment, avoid to have too high debt. We can try to work together with one or two local disctributors (e. g. Kiev, Odessa) to have JV project.About the dividends, I will maybe go for 60% of earning, which mean 15% of the projected annual dividends for the quarterly pay. Just in case, if the actual data is not as good as predicted data, we still have enough cash to run the business. 6. S ome observation of Ex4. Profitability: low return Leverage: high risk (high debt) Asset utilization: receiveables growth rate high longer payment. Difference between sale growth and asset growth. Sale Growth is much higher than assent growth, need to consider investment. Liquidity: short term financial commitment. Quick ratio is too high.

Comparison: Minority Report and 1984 Essay

Is it inhumane to arrest and convict a person of terrible crimes, even if it is not yet committed, if it is certain that it will be? Utopia is an imaginary place in which everything is perfect; in comparison, dystopia is an imaginary state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation, oppression, or terror. George Orwell’s 1984 (1949), is a novel based on life in a dystopian setting, with a totalitarian government centered on war and hatred. Steven Spielberg’s Minority Report (2002) is a film in a futuristic setting with a system which predicts future murders so that citizens live a homicide-free utopian life. Winston Smith is the main character in 1984. His rebelious views on his society and government cause his arrest for ‘thoughtcrime,’ for which he is brainwashed until he complies to his society’s views. In Minority Report, John Anderton (Tom Cruise) begins by completely trusting the system which allegedly predicts murders before they happen. In fact, Anderton is an officer of precrime himself, and is responsible for figuring out the specific details of the murders. However, when it is revealed in the film that Anderton will murder a man he has not even met, he tries to fight the system to prove his innocence. The idea that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely is the central message of both 1984 and Minority Report. This is because technology is used to enforce power, it is purported to be infallible, and the result of the misuse of power is corruption. The use of technology to enforce corrupt power is comparable in both 1984 and Minority Report. Firstly, in both societies technology is used to give the citizens statistics about how much the state of living has improved since the source of power was created. In 1984, the announcer on the telescreen reads, â€Å"‘Attention comrades! We have glorious news for you†¦ the standard of living has risen by no less than 20 per cent over the past year. ’† (Orwell 61). Similarly, in Minority Report, the Precrime service announcer proudly boasts that â€Å"‘within three months of the precrime program, the homicidal rates in the District of Columbia had reduced 90%’† (Minority Report). In both societies, statistics are manipulated to citizens to encourage them to appreciate the government. Also, technology is used in both of these works so the government always knows where each individual person is. In 1984, this is done by the use of telescreens, which â€Å"received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard† (Orwell 5). In Minority Report, retina scanners are in every public place, and eye-scanning spiders can crawl into houses and apartments at any given moment to locate everyone. In both 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used to monitor people. The people in the novel 1984 are monitored so any thoughtcrime or illegal behaviour is detected by the use of telescreens in every room, as well as devices hidden in the outdoors which record sound. Similarly, the citizens in the film Minority Report are monitored to detect any sign of potential murder. In 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used by the government to enforce power reinforces the corruption of the government itself. As well as the use of technology, the believed infallibility of power in both 1984 and Minority Report leads to corruption. In 1984, as well as Minority Report, the leaders of the government system hold unquestionable authority. The god-like figure, Big Brother, in 1984, is loved by all his loyal followers: â€Å"Big Brother seemed to tower up, an invincible fearless protector† (Orwell 17). In Minority Report, the ‘precogs’ which predict homicide are the guardians of the people; â€Å"in a way†¦ they give us hope†¦ hope of the existence of the divine† (Minority Report). Secondly, the power source is purported to be â€Å"perfect†. In both societies children are brainwashed by the system so they grow to be adults with full faith in it. The children’s Spies program in 1984 â€Å"turned [the children] into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party† (Orwell 26). Comparably in Minority Report, children are seen touring the ‘Department of Precrime’, on a school field trip to learn more about the system. When people are brought up with only knowledge of one system, it results in generations of loyal supporters. Lastly, the systems in both societies continue to be foolproof due to their control of people by fear and influencing their daily lives. In 1984, the Party does this by the fabrication of the war, as well as pessimistic propaganda. An example of this is the poster that is plastered all across the city for ‘Hate Week’: â€Å"from whatever angle you looked at the poster, the muzzle of the gun magnified by the foreshortening, seemed to be pointed straight at you† (Orwell 156). The method is more subtle in Minority Report, but it is still present; the show â€Å"COPS† is shown on television to emphasize the horror of crimes, so the public will support the Precrime program. Due to these factors the source of power is impossible to be fought against; consequently, corrupt governments maintain complete control. A source of power which is infallible has the same effect on its citizens in 1984 and Minority Report alike. In both, the main characters are forced by their society to do whatever they can to survive. As Iris Hineman (Lois Smith) in Minority Report says, â€Å"‘When the chips are down, when the pressure is on, every creature on the face of the Earth is interested in one thing and one thing only—its own survival’† (Minority Report). This is relevant in 1984 when Winston is discussing with Julia what will happen when they get caught; Julia says, â€Å"Everybody always confesses. You can’t help it. They torture you† (Orwell 173). Similarly, in Minority Report, John Anderton is being hunted down for the crime he has not committed and he says, â€Å"Everybody runs† (Minority Report). The source of power has the same effect on the citizens in the different societies. Secondly, the offenders of crime in 1984 and Minority Report are sent to similar places. In 1984, â€Å"thoughtcrime† offenders are sent to the Ministry of Love, which is â€Å"a place impossible to enter except on official business, and then only by penetrating though a maze of barbed-wire entanglements, steel doors, and hidden machine gun nests† (Orwell 7). In Minority Report, ‘precrime’ criminals are sent somewhere which resembles this; in both places people are essentially brainwashed so they cannot commit any more crimes. Lastly, the people in power by the government are corrupt because they use unethical tactics to arrest ‘supposed’ criminals. In 1984, the children are turned against their parents if they suspect them of ‘thoughtcrime’ and they are rewarded for this: â€Å"‘child hero’ was the phrase generally used† (Orwell 32). In Minority Report, the government is in the wrong because they arrest people who may have no, or little, intention of carrying out the murders that have crossed their minds. The people in power are corrupt because they use unethical tactics to keep the society as they believe it should be. The result on the people exposed or involved in the government’s power is similar in both works. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely; Orwell’s 1984 and Spielberg’s Minority Report are two works which support this, due to the similar uses of technology to enforce power, the way power is seemingly flawless, and the effect the corruption has on the people. The idea that power corrupts can directly relate to occurrences in real life, such as Hitler taking over Germany and effect that had on the whole world. Corruption means to act dishonestly in return for personal gain, specifically power. Power and corruption are an endless cycle with fatal effects on society.

75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics - Paperell.com

75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics 75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics Some people say that history is boring, and a lot find it completely obsolete. However, what most people aren’t aware of is the very fact that history teaches us not to repeat the same mistakes and it teaches us how to be noble and appreciate more the time we live in. Students are becoming keener on history, so they decide to come up with history research paper topics with thorough research of historical events to write about. However, if you are unable to come up with the most appropriate topic, we are here to present you with a list of very intriguing topics to focus on.How to choose a topic for a research paper?Not being able to make the right decision on what topic to dedicate your time to is more than understandable since history is the subject that gives you a vast choice. Therefore, a lot of students find themselves lost on how to choose a research topic when there are so many interesting history research paper topics.The best way to choose a good topic would be to focu s on historical figures that you admire or that you think that marked one period in history so much that they changed the present time as well. You don’t have to rely on writing about wars as you can write about festivals, games, and free time activities in certain past ages as well as mythology, mystery, and religion. Life in middle ages can be an interesting subject, for example.However, students who struggle with their writing skills can always buy a research paper online from reliable writing services that will teach them the art of writing on good history research paper topics. On the other hand, those who would like to try to write the papers themselves can get help with college papers online as well by working with a person who is an expert in that field.What’s more, when choosing the topic, make sure there are enough study materials because it’s important that you have resources you can lean on in case you ran out of ideas. Then again, you should, of cou rse, avoid plagiarism since this might severely harm your academic reputation. Therefore, if you are not sure how to provide the right citation and references, don’t hesitate to get help from people who can do it with eyes closed.Controversial topic in history for research paperFinding a subject that is going to spark other people’s interest and encourage them to read your writing assignment is not easy, but luckily, there are a variety of controversial research topics as well as debatable topics for research paper that can encourage other students to share their opinions on the subject. Here are just a few to help you start:Why has nationalism failed to become a primary source of identity in the Arab States, but it has everywhere else?How were women treated in the Soviet occupied zone during World War Two?What happened in Germany after the fall of Hitler and the Nazis?Did the Holocaust experiments achieve anything scientifically other than pointless cruelty?Why was co mmunism perceived as a bad system historically?Was the Spanish Inquisition morally justified?What sort of presence did the papal inquisitions of the 12-14th centuries have in England?Why is Niccolo Machiavelli considered the founder of political science?What’s the story behind the assassination of John F. Kennedy?Were the forms of state institutions a contributing factor to the Great Divergence?How free was the British press during the 19th century?Was the Six Days War a preemptive strike or an act of aggression?Who was Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and were his ideas good for the Islamic world?Did the Native Americans resist assimilation?Did the United States use atomic bombs on Japan to end the war or to prevent the Soviet Union from amassing influence in Asia?What led to the great immigration wave from Syria?Why is the fall of Constantinople in 1453 considered to be one of the saddest moment in the history of humankind?Topics about all the agesHistory covers so many ages and so man y times, and that’s what gives you the necessary variety in order to write a good research paper.Ancient history research paper topicsWhen you think about history, a lot of people focus on the two world wars without even taking into consideration the ancient history such as Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece or Egypt that provide so many interesting ancient history topics for research paper. However, not only Rome and Greece were interesting since you have many other populations who lived in ancient times but whose history is less known.What was mannerism like in ancient times, and how did people behave towards each other?How was winter warfare conducted during ancient history (5000BC to 500AD)?Were there protests and demonstrations in ancient times?What are the greatest infantry battles of ancient history?Who had the strongest military in ancient history?Did anyone ever object to the Gladiatorial Games in Ancient Rome on moral grounds?How were slaves treated in Ancient Rome and wh y they didn’t unite in groups to demand more rights?Was it a pure coincidence that democracy emerged in Ancient Greece and what led to it in general?What is the story of Theagenes of Thasos who was the strongest fighter in Ancient Greece?Why was Ancient Rome more influential that Ancient Greece?How did police work in Ancient Rome?What are some similarities and differences between Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece?What was the life of civilians like in Ancient Rome?How did philosophy become so popular in Ancient Greece?Who was Alexander the Great, and why is he considered to be one of the greatest leaders in history?Which people from Ancient Rome are worth admiration and why?Which people from Ancient Greece are worth admiration and why?What was the role of gods in Ancient Greece?How was ancient Egypt different from Ancient Greece and Rome?How did voting work in Ancient Greece?Middle Ages research topicsMedieval history, Middle Ages, renaissance represent a historical period of c hange, development but also of wars and new laws which leaves you with a lot of Middle Age topics. There are many stories about medieval history and renaissance, for example, which could be explored to a much greater extent.How did mixed-religion marriages work in the Middle Ages?How common was excommunication in the High Middle Ages, and how were these people treated?How did humans cope with poor eyesight in the Middle Ages?What crimes were common in medieval history?Who was King Richard III?Why were the Middle Ages considered to be the Age of Discovery?What differences in architecture existed between Early and Late Middle Ages?What led to the Byzantine revival?What was life like for the intellectuals of the Middle Ages?What was life like in Venice in the time of the Renaissance?How were North European High Middle Ages different from Italian renaissance?What events that happened in medieval times changed history?Did the Crusades set the stage for the greater stability of the High M iddle Ages?What was the life of an average person like in the Middle Ages in Europe?Was there much interest in the Qu’ran in medieval Europe?What discoveries were made in medieval Europe?Who was Nicholas of Cusa?Why 1492 a significant year?How was a renaissance in Russia different from the one in the western countries?How were cities developed in Medieval Europe?Modern world history topicsModern day history has been marked with plenty of negative events since there were two world wars, flu pandemic, decolonization but also the birth of the digital revolution which can be an endless resource of ideas for 20th-century topics so take a look at the ones below.What made nationalism a major issue in the 20th century?Why was the Eastern front different from the Western front during World War I?How did the US military transition from the Civil War in 1865 to World War I in 1914?Why were cubism and surrealism so popular in the 20th century?What was the status/role of women in the USSR through the 20th century?Why didnt any western countries intervene in Communist China in the mid-20th century?What was the role of Italy in WWII?Why did the Great Depression start in the United States?What were international relations like between the two World Wars?What happened between the two World Wars in countries that participated in World War One?What was Vichy France in WWII and what ideology it presented?What goods were mass-produced in the 20th century?What inventions marked the 20th century?Who were the most important leaders in WWII?Why are the 1920s called the Roaring Twenties?How did the world recover after World War II?What led to the Spanish Civil War in 1936?What happened to the British Empire after World War One?To what extent did mainstream Russian society adopt Soviet ideals?What was art and music like in the 20th century?What events marked the 20th century in Australia?Were there any states that could be called totalitarian that existed before the 20th century? What were the greatest presidential speeches in the 20th century?What caused so many empires to die out in the 20th century?What were the most significant inventions and technological advances in the 20th century?World history research paper topicsIf you would like to write a topic on world history but you cannot decide whether you find European, Asian, African or even history of Middle East interesting, you can rely on the following subjects that might help you narrow down your choice, or you can simply borrow one of ours.European history research paper topicsAs a continent, Europe, in general, was blessed with a very rich history that wasn’t always quite bright or positive if we take into account the wars and Inquisition, the Crusades and so many other events that made the continent as it is now. However, thanks to all those events, there are many interesting European history topics that you can explore.What led to Yugoslav wars in Eastern Europe?Why has Western Europe alwa ys been more developed than the East?What significant battles occurred in Central Europe?How was the English so ready to switch to the Church of England?Who were the cruelest rulers of France?What led to the French Revolution?Did any other country besides Russia use women soldiers during World War Two?Why was the Battle of Dunkirk of great importance in WWII?What really triggered World War One?What was Hitlers reasoning in attacking the Soviets during WWII?When did England and France shift from being enemies to being allies?Was the Holocaust the worst crime that occurred in Europe?What nation has had the most influential culture in Europe throughout history?What led to the rise of Gothic architecture?What was it like to live under Josip Broz Tito?What were the differences between feudalism in Western Europe and Eastern Europe?What led to the fall of great Yugoslavia?How did the Balkan wars reshape the map of Europe?Historically, what were some common stereotypes of Eastern Orthodox Christians in Europe?What was life like in Asian Soviet countries?Who was Gavrilo Princip?How did the Industrial Revolution change European countries?What led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and what came afterward?What was the Iberian Peninsula’s role in the World Wars?Why is Dutch colonization less known than the British or the French one?What factors contributed to the mass degradation of women in France during the aftermath of WWII?Why did Poland surrender so quickly in World War II?Why was Operation Barbarossa planned for when it was?Historically, what relations do the state of Germany and the church have?What was the Vikings influence on Normandy?US history research paper topicsThe United States of America is a very young country compared to the whole continents like Europe and Asia, but that doesn’t mean that there are no interesting US history topics to choose from. Therefore, make sure you read those below and get some idea on what you might want to write about .What is the story behind the civil war in the US?Why the US used two atomic bombs instead of just one in 1945?What were the most intriguing events in the time of colonization?How did the US fight for independence?How was America founded?Who were the first inhabitants of the USA?What culture and history did the Native Americans cherish before the arrival of Europeans?How were slaves treated in the USA?What led to the abolishment of slavery?What was the life of African-Americans like in the 19th century in the USA?How was the first Constitution written?What were the highlights of the Jeffersonian Republican Era?What is the story behind the Cold War?How did the US deal with the 9/11?What came after 9/11 in the modern history of the USA?Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor so significant historically? Why exactly did the Japanese attack the USA?How have taxes been introduced throughout the USA history?Why did the leaders of the American Revolution fail to establish equality for everyone? Who were the people behind the scene in the American Revolution?What traditions are related to Independence Day?Research paper topics on AfricaAs a continent, Africa is very rarely mentioned in the news so many people don’t really talk a lot about African culture and history through African countries also went through a lot of difficult situations with wars and crimes within the tribes. If you don’t want to write about Europe and the USA, then you should give Africa a chance since there are many interesting topics on Africa related to tribal lives as well as the development of the continent in general. In the list below, you can find some of the most intriguing topics about Africa.Why was South Africa determined to maintain apartheid?What happened in the Rwandan genocide?What was Africa like in the 1600s, was it similar to Europe and Asia?What are, historically speaking, the poorest countries in Africa and what led to the poverty of those countries?What are, historical ly speaking, the wealthiest countries in Africa and what lead to the wealth of those countries?Why did North Africa go from one of the wealthiest regions in the time of the Roman Empire to a regional backwater?What are some post-colonial troubles people in Africa had to face?Why did the Dutch move into South Africa?What is the story about Africa Campaign during World War II?What religions have been practiced in Africa?What makes the Democratic Republic of Congo different from its neighboring countries?What are some facts related to Ancient Africa?What were the most powerful empires from the 6th to the 18th century?What leads to the decolonization of Africa?What was the role of Africa in World War I?Why did it take until the 19th century for European powers to start colonizing Sub-Saharan Africa?Who was Idi Amin?What African leader did the most for his or her nation in modern history?What caused the Sudanese Civil War?What were the consequences of German Warfare in Africa in 1884?How were petroleum and oil discovered in Ethiopia?Who were famous authors coming from Africa?Middle East research paper topicsThe Middle East is considered to be the cradle of civilization. Therefore, you can be sure that there are some amazing research papers already written about this area of our beautiful planet. However, throughout the history, the Middle East was the center of trading, knowledge, and art so you can check the following Middle East research topics in order to find some of your likings.Was Genghis Khan’s decimation in the Middle East what led to dark ages for Islam?What are some less known facts about the Byzantine Empire?Who were the most powerful pharaohs of Egypt?What made the first great civilization of mankind, the Sumerians?Who was Sargon the Great?What empires spread over Mesopotamia?What are some significant events that happened in Pre-Islam Middle East?How did the Ottoman Empire spread to the Middle East?What came after the discovery of oil in Persia in 1908?Which countries in the Middle East have been economically powerful throughout history?What was feudalism like in the Middle East?What led to the creation of the United Arab Emirates?What were the reasons for British imperial expansion in the Middle East?Were the Crusades supported by Christians in the Middle East?What did the western world think of the Middle East in the 1800s and early 1900s?In what ways were Roman and Byzantine cultures adapted to and incorporated in the Middle East?What significant events changed the Middle East in modern history?

Lou Gehrigs disease essays

Lou Gehrigs disease essays This is most commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease. Loe Gehrig was a famous baseball player, and his case made it a known disease that received national attention. A study was done in 1991, and familial ALS was found on chromosome 21. Later discoveries pinpointed a mutation in the gene that codes for an enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), as responsible for a percentage of familial cases. These defects do not appear to be present in the more common nonfamilial, or sporadic, form of the disease. In addition to genetic factors, scientists have studied the buildup of the chemical glutamate that occurs in ALS patients. The organ system that is involved is the Nervous system. It affects it by gradually destroying the nerves that controls the muscle. ALS develops when certain nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord break down and die. Then the motor nuerons makes the muscles work by putting out impulses so muscles stop working and waste away. As the nuerons die away they send irregular impulses to the muscle. It first weakens the arms and the legs making day to day activities more complicated with each passing day. One source said that it is inherited in 10% of all cases. As for racial groups it seems to not be prejudice, it affects all races. Though gender wise it affects about twice as many males as females. It usually starts after the age of 50. Global distribution is equal throughout the world though many cases may not be diagnosed in the third-world countries. Treatment for this disease is minimal they try to control the symptoms and not cure them. Baclofen or diazepam can be used to control the spasticity that interferes with daily activities. Trihexyphenidyl or amitriptyline are used for swallowing when it becomes difficult. Physical therapy, rehabilitation, and use of appliances (braces and wheelchairs) to maximize muscle function and general health. The pr ...

Ethics in Journalism Essay Sample

Ethics in Journalism Essay Sample Ethics in Journalism Essay Journalism is one of the most important fields of practice that every person should have to consider with their practice and activities. This is the application of news reporting made by journalists to a certain scenario or circumstance that is relevant to the community. The goal of journalism is to provide awareness to the public regarding the trending news and latest updates our society’s activities. In this case, valuing the significance of news reporting correspond to ethical applications for every journalist and news networks for displaying and reporting relevant information to the public. The main purpose is to inform the public regarding a scenario that might cause a risk to the involved community. The reason behind is to prevent any risks or hazards that are causing a stress to the society. Ethics in journalism comes with a responsible way of relaying information to the public. One of the main reasons is to prevent conflicting interests with the public as well as with the local government units. Every detailed news report comes with the principle of veracity because the public needs to know the realness of the information being published online. Responsible publication of articles and news reporting comes with a professional responsibility by the journalists. The reason behind is to ensure that the productivity of the news becomes reliable to the public. Relating information according to their interest provides a reason for the society to render their trust with the journalist who is responsible for reporting certain news. If the journalist continues to provide a professional way of publishing relevant news, they start to gain respect from their fellow colleague as well as by the public. We usually observe that numerous fake news reports are now proliferating over the internet. Examples are news about a celebrity or a political icon that passed away recently. However, the authenticity of the article published online fails to verify it because the person who published the article is not an official journalist. Journalists sometimes are at risk for committing plagiarized news reporting due to the fact that information that has been reported has similar content with the reporter’s news report. This is the reason why news networks established a syndicated reporting to ensure that copyright infringements will not affect major news networks responsible for promoting news and latest updates. Ethics in journalism applies with the respect of privacy for individuals or respondents who do not want to have their names or face displayed by the camera and the computer graphics expert of the news network. One of the most important ethical applications of journalism is to report a certain scenario that does not violate the rights of other individuals. The reason behind is to prevent any corruption of viewer’s minds as they are keen on listening or watching the news to become aware of any relevant information that affects their personal issues. Examples are racism, pornography, profanity, graphic image or videos, discrimination, hate speech, verbal arguments, or intentional segregation. News reporters proofread their articles or news before publishing it on the public space to prevent any risk of getting involved in lawsuits. Some journalists are usually summoned by courts for getting involved in libel or slander lawsuits filed by the complainant who was offended by the article or the news recently reported to the public (Ames, 2011). Reference Ames, Roger T. (2011).  Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary. University of HawaiÊ »i Press.  ISBN  978-0-8248-3576-7.

Political parties in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political parties in the United States - Essay Example People are either in favor of the Democrats or the Republicans. Recently though, new movements are arising from the grassroots which seek to distance themselves from the influence of either parties but nevertheless carry some of intrinsic liberal or conservative political standpoints of the Democratic and Republican parties respectively. This may be attributed to the fact that satisfaction with how both parties have run the past and present administrations is very low. Whether this phenomenon would lead to the rise of new political parties that would present themselves as viable alternatives to the dominant ones as well as the minor groups in existence is a possibility that remains to be seen. One way of determining this possibility is by taking a look at the history of the establishment of the Democratic and the Republican parties. A study on their respective evolution as the country’s top political forces, which did not only shape opinions but national and international poli cies as well, would provide ideas on the future of American politics as well. At a glance the contradictions of the two parties may seem to have stalled the country in its efforts to advance further or to maintain its status as a world power. However, this brief study would also prove that is the said contradictions that served as factors in the changes that the country continues to experience. A review on the US Constitution would tell that that the nation’s Founding Fathers did not wish to see the country’s political system to be partisan in any way. Such an attitude against partisan politics however may well be considered as a natural reaction to the conditions of the times. Apparently, the nation was still young and unstable. While it had yet to strengthen itself internally, it was already facing threats from external forces. There were other countries in Europe that were interested in certain parts of its territory and there was also the danger of the British tryi ng to regain what pride and power it lost as a result of the American independence. The Federalist Papers No. 9 and 10 pointed out that factionalism and the emergence of opposing political groups would not be advantageous to the country. In Federalist Paper No. 10, however, James Madison explicitly wrote about what he perceived as the great disadvantage of a democracy. His assertion is that â€Å"a large republic is superior to a democracy because a large republic will have more qualified people whose talent will be pooled together, and it will be more conspicuous, thus reducing the chance for corruption.† (Scaros 41) Obviously, even as there were still no political parties at the time because these were basically discouraged, the ideas that would differentiate the basic principles of the Democrats and the Republicans had begun to emerge. In the last decade of the 1700s, the first two political parties emerged. In the study of political history, this was a period that was cal led the First Party System. The Federalist Part and the Democratic-Republican Party main line of contention was about the role of the national and federal government. The former strongly believed in a strong central government, emphasizing that this would result in administrative and fiscal efficiency. The latter, on the other hand considers a

'The historical importance of law to feminism and the women's movement Essay

'The historical importance of law to feminism and the women's movement cannot be under-estimated.' Discuss - Essay Example They began to criticize a system which had relegated them to the household and to the roles of wife and mother, and to demonstrate in support of laws and other measures which would allow them to extend their role, and to prove that they were at least the equals of men. At the same time, they criticized the ideologies which had outlined this restricted role for them, and female academics, in law but also in sociology, history, psychology and other areas, attempted a fundamental revision of existing frameworks which were now held to be inadequate. However, the relationship between feminism and the law is more complex than a consistent attack of the one by the other. Some of the most important breakthroughs for the women’s movement have involved the establishment of legal precedents to ensure that progress is enforceable by law. Nevertheless, it is also true to say that the feminist critique of law has become more comprehensive over time, and what might be called ‘postmoder n’1 feminism has refuted the legitimacy of the basic values which law claims to represent and defend. There is a general consensus, outlined by Naffine2 and Cain3, among others, that the historical links between law, feminism and the women’s movement can be divided into three main phases. In general terms, the first phase was characterised by feminist concerns about the male domination of law and the legal professions, and the ways in which men have operated a legal system designed to uphold the values of their own society and to perpetuate their power. The second phase broadened the attack, with feminists exploring the masculinity and masculine values which informs everything about law, and means that it is unable to take account of female values and experience, and does not operate for their benefit. More recently, feminists have extended this critique further, contending that the key values on which law claims to be based – justice and impartiality, for examp le – are compromised by its exclusion of female experience, so that these values become inherently male values. It is worth exploring each of these phases in more detail. In the first phase of feminist legal critique, from the mid-1960s, the vision of the law as a generally rational and fair institution was not much questioned. The law was seen as an institution currently monopolised by men, but prime territory for women to critique and infiltrate, so that the removal of legal constraints on female freedom could take place. Indeed, it was considered by the feminist mainstream that recourse to law would offer an opportunity for gaining effective women’s rights. The male monopoly of the legal profession was seen as a key obstruction, and a way to preserve jobs for men, with Sachs and Wilson arguing that men ‘manifest a grudging tolerance rather than a facilitative welcome to women entrants’4. Therefore, law was being criticised for not conforming to the own high standards of equality and objectivity it claimed to uphold. Of course, it was not only a matter of personnel. There was also an established male bias in legal thinking, perhaps to be expected in an institution dominated by men, with feminists complaining that it restricted the role of women to the private sphere5. By the end of this first phase, feminists and women’

Criminal Justice and the Crime Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice and the Crime Problem - Essay Example For instance, there may be higher numbers of tourist during the summer season and chances are that crime will escalate at that time. Additionally, rural records may experience higher cases of crime given the fact that planting seasons attract high numbers of workers. It is also very likely to find higher reports of crime during the summer season rather than any other season. One explanation for this is the fact that townships normally have higher alcoholic drinkers in the summer than in the winter. These and many other factors explain the variance in crime patterns recorded over time. (Field, 1990) Economic factors are quite crucial in the process of analyzing crime patterns. This is because persons who feel the pinch of an economic downturn are the marginalized individuals. They are the ones who react sharply to these changes by committing crimes. For example, research has shown that when the economy recedes, consumption patterns are also adversely affected. When the economy is doing well, people's consumption tendencies increase. (Hirsh & Goldthorpe, 1978) Consequently, potential criminals also increase consumption patterns because they have the ability to meet their needs. On the other hand, when consumption tendencies reduce, then higher there will be higher cases of crime; this is especially in relation to property crimes. The reason for this is that the economically marginalized need to meet their expenses but economic pressures may deter them from doing this. Consequently, they end up choosing illegal methods of acquiring property. (Field, 1999) Additionally, one must not ignore the link between crime and the availability of goods. Some research in this area shows that there is a link between crime and stock available. The two factors re directly affected in that when stores record high amounts of stock, then crime prevalence also increase. Home Office (1999) came up with a direct relationship between these two issues. They asserted the ratio of burglaries/theft to increases in stock is 2:1. This means that whenever stock levels increase by on percent, crime prevalence increases by double this amount. Burglaries and theft can also be associated with gender. Surveys conducted by the Home Office (1999) indicate that crime prevalence tends to increase when the number of males increases. This is especially so when these youth belong to the masculine gender. Their statistics show that when males older than fifteen and younger than twenty increase by one percent, then crime prevalence in the region increases by a similar percentage. However, some criminologists have argued that the converse is also true. When there is a rose in the number of older people within any one region, then chances are that there will be greater levels of crime again. This is because an older generation is quite venerable to attack and they provide fertile grounds for crime victimization. Social factors that effect crime It is important to note that the most important features here include; Technology Lifestyles Popular culture Society's drug patterns are constantly changing. In the past psychologists used the drug popularly called ecstasy during marriage counselling. However, society has changed all these. Young people now take the drug as a form of recreation. One can make the same assumption about the drug Viagra. This means that many young people no

Channel Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Channel Managment - Essay Example In the contemporary world, people recognize the importance of working in a team. A team is a group of people that are brought together by a common task or responsibility. As there are different qualities present in different kinds of people, they are usually utilized to the maximum extent while working in a team. This is the reason there is much emphasis paid on working as a team; to incorporate the maximum effort from different resources. In this project, we have been asked to prepare a class debate on the effectiveness of channel management and the practices that are being used in it. In order to conduct and effective debate, we made sure we divided the work according to the qualities a person in a team had. It was made sure that equal amount of work was given to everybody so that there is no cognitive dissonance or dissatisfaction on the part of the team members over working. The whole team was asked to work on the research for the relevant material and the proof reading of the researched work was my responsibility. This was done to ensure that the quality of material that was being used does not deviate from the standards and was at par with the upmost standards. To make sure that the information was valid and comprehensive, much emphasis was paid on gathering information from scholarly reports and magazines that have repute in the eyes of others on the basis of their quality. Articles were searched from known writers to ensure credibility and authenticity. The collective work of the team included preparing strong debatable points that were needed to be presented in front of the audience and the tutor. It was the collective of all the group members to prepare the presentation material and it was made sure that all the members were informed of every piece of information that was gathered so that everybody was equally prepared to give in suggestions about the debate and the benefits. Another important task that was divided among the group members was the gathering of information that was required to prepare the whole report. Evaluation of information was done by making sure that the information that was being gathered was from reputable sources and scholarly; so that there is no doubt about the authenticity of the information. Evaluation of information is generally done on the quality and source. To make it free from partiality one has to make sure that the source that is being used should be a third party presenting an opinion so that there is no element of biasness and the information is pure. Similar procedures were used to evaluate various literature sources that in the end helped us to make our report bona fide. Preparation of debate is an entirely different process. It involves brainstorming sessions and cross questioning so that all the queries of the prospective audience are answered in such a way that they don't get a chance to object and get persuaded without any doubts in their minds. Therefore, all the above were practiced to ensure that there were no loopholes left in our debate that was to be presented in front of the class. Introduction Channel management basically means the management of various entities that are working in cohesion at different steps in businesses in the supply chain. In other words, it can be called as the supply chain

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Operations Management - Assignment Example urse of this study the knowledge that I have acquired with regards to operations management is simply based on some of the activities that are listed above. My understanding of operations management is that it mainly focusses on the substantial measurement as well as analysis of the internal processes. The nature of this module depends on the nature of each product or service that an organization deals with. Therefore, judging from the way various organizations present their products and services is solely based on the nature they possess. This paper will thus reflect on the knowledge that I have gained throughout my operations management course. More so, the paper will also focus on how I can use the knowledge gained from this module to add value to the organization where I am currently working which is Tamkeen. Having total concentration on this module has equipped me with knowledge as well as skills that are required in order to perform the necessary processes to convert or transform the inputs of materials, human skills and energy information into products and services that will satisfy the customers’ needs. It is quite evident that operations management has given me an understanding of both the design and implementation stage of a system for better delivery of various processes such as planning and controlling. In relation to Tamkeen, below is a thorough analysis of the relevant knowledge adapted from my course that can help me in performing and adding value to my job duty. Tamkeen is a service company which focuses on providing a wide range of technical advanced equipment and components, designs solutions and also aftermarket service. The organization’s operations are centred on technical and human capital development support. Tamkeen’s customer base is the contracting and manufacturing sectors in the economy. The organization supplies various components for various markets such as the energy, water, power, petrochemical, gas and oil markets. The

Color, Language, And Perceptual Categorization Lab Report

Color, Language, And Perceptual Categorization - Lab Report Example EXPERIMENTS IN CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION AND LANGUAGE The languages of South Africa have provided researcherer with the opportunity to study categorical perception across cultures. It was discovered that the South African language uses one color term for a color region while the English language needs two terms to describe the same color region. Some languages use a single term for green and blue, orange and yellow, etc. There was no boundary between the two colors in terms of their perception. The question that arose out of these studies was, do the people that speak these different languages have different perceptual boundaries as well? In answer to this question, researchers showed participants one color and then a stimuli of different colors. The participants were to identify stimuli that were the same as the target. By manipulating the target and the distracters from the same or different categories, CP effects could be studied. Using this mechanism, it was discovered that in compa rison to English speakers, African speakers were able to identify a particular hue in one word but the English speakers needed two words to describe the same hue. English speakers were faster when the distracters are green and the target was blue and vice versa for African speakers. However, when the distracters and the target were both blue and both green, English speakers were slower than African speakers. In a task in which participants were shown three colors and asked to â€Å"pick the odd one out,† English speakers picked a color different than the other two categories. African speakers did not show a bias because all three colors were in the same color category. Similar studies have recently compared the effects of language on color by comparing speakers of English and Berinmo.... In this experiment, participants were trained to categorize colors across new color boundaries and separate two types of hue referred to by the same English term. The participants’ discrimination skills were then tested along with their ability to discriminate between colors on different sides of a learned category. It was concluded that through training, CP effects were achieved. Another experiment was performed testing color discrimination. The participants were shown colors separately with a 5-s interval in between. This task involved memory and perception. When people use memory, they use verbal labels which lead to CP. The results of this experiment suggest that improved color discrimination could have been due to simple learning tricks rather than real learned behavior. In still another experiment, participants were tested in a discrimination exercise that required no memory because the two colors were shown at the same time. Color discrimination improved only across the new color category boundary. Currently, an investigation is being held to determine if color category learning can result in detection of color differences. Results have shown that this occurs mainly for hues within the learned boundary. People pay more attention to color boundary regions when they learn a new color category and improvement only occurs in those color regions. As a result of these studies and experiments, one could conclude that there is a "possibility" that language affects color perception.

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Operations Management - Assignment Example urse of this study the knowledge that I have acquired with regards to operations management is simply based on some of the activities that are listed above. My understanding of operations management is that it mainly focusses on the substantial measurement as well as analysis of the internal processes. The nature of this module depends on the nature of each product or service that an organization deals with. Therefore, judging from the way various organizations present their products and services is solely based on the nature they possess. This paper will thus reflect on the knowledge that I have gained throughout my operations management course. More so, the paper will also focus on how I can use the knowledge gained from this module to add value to the organization where I am currently working which is Tamkeen. Having total concentration on this module has equipped me with knowledge as well as skills that are required in order to perform the necessary processes to convert or transform the inputs of materials, human skills and energy information into products and services that will satisfy the customers’ needs. It is quite evident that operations management has given me an understanding of both the design and implementation stage of a system for better delivery of various processes such as planning and controlling. In relation to Tamkeen, below is a thorough analysis of the relevant knowledge adapted from my course that can help me in performing and adding value to my job duty. Tamkeen is a service company which focuses on providing a wide range of technical advanced equipment and components, designs solutions and also aftermarket service. The organization’s operations are centred on technical and human capital development support. Tamkeen’s customer base is the contracting and manufacturing sectors in the economy. The organization supplies various components for various markets such as the energy, water, power, petrochemical, gas and oil markets. The

Behaviour in Social and Work Organisations Essay

Behaviour in Social and Work Organisations - Essay Example As argued out by McShane & Glinow (2009), the MARS model contains four pertinent aspects that directly impact on an individual’s performance. At the outset, motivation has been suggested to be the best strategy open to managers bent on boosting employee performance. The ability of an individual to perform a certain task should be critically analysed before placement. It is therefore imperative for managers to avoid any disparity between abilities and job profile during placement (Newstrom, 2007). An individual should behave within the parameters of the position occupied in the society. Newstrom (2007) maintains that no employee should be given roles conflicting with his or her culture. Finally, all the internal and external factors in an organisation must be favorable (Bratton, J. et.al, 2007) to allow an individual to perform. The Johari window has been used in explaining how people interact with one another. Anita (as cited in McShane & Glinow, 2009), explains that the Johari window has four panes which divides a person’s awareness into four different types. In the public pane is all the information about our lives that we bare open to the public. I may have a speck on my face and unless I use a mirror, I’ll never learn of the presence of the speck. Other people can observe this speck and thus know something I don’t know. This is my hidden or blind pane. The unknown pane on the other hand contains information about me that is not known to anyone including myself (McShane & Glinow, 2009). Such information could take the form of dreams or visions. Finally, the private pane contains an individual’s secrets kept hidden from others. Opening this private pane is called self-disclosure (Anita as cited in McShane & Glinow, 2009) which has its dangers. The EVLN model has been designed to explain the behaviour patterns of dissident members in an organisation intend on changing the

The Myth Of Fat Free

The Myth Of Fat Free Food Essay Meat products, junk foods and dairy products often advertise that the product that they are distributing are products that are either â€Å"fat free† or with lesser fat content than the usual item sold to the public. This is a claim that could only be repudiated by thoroughly examining the product as well as knowing the proper way of computing for calories per food serving and calories per fat content mass of the food in question. An example of such computation is outlined below to prove that the computation of calories sourced from fat is erroneous in most packed food containing the â€Å"fat free† or â€Å"lesser fat claim†. Based from the computations   performed above,   it appears that Food Manufacturing Companies   have been getting away with misleading facts concerning their   products. It could never be denied that these companies   have found a way to give â€Å"healthier† food to the health conscious public. The minimal calories associated to the food they manufacture   is indeed,   Ã‚  a   testament to their unwavering   dedication in promoting a healthier lifestyle for their   consumers. However, it should also be pointed out that   it is wrong to knowingly alter the Nutritional facts   stated on the product label to deceive their consumers.   Food Manufacturing Companies should refrain from putting   false information to the product packaging caption with unsubstantiated claims concerning the product’s nutritional values.   Instead, what they should do is to put in a   claim that their product has lesser   fat ,   lesser protein , lesser sodium   or  Ã‚  Ã‚   lesser cholesterol   based calories than most of the projects being sold in the market.   This would be more accurate and factual rather   than making claims   that their   food product is 97%, 98%, 0r 96%   fat free, especially when contains   18, 19 or 22.5% fat per serving. These THE   MYTH OF FAT FREE FOOD manufacturers need to correct   these   misleading statements  Ã‚   concerning their food product   in order to be   credible in the eyes of the public. REFERENCES: Calories in Cooked Corned Beef 97% Fat Free, Extra Lean, California Style.   Retrieved   May 22, 2010, from World wide web: http:// http://caloriecount.about.com/calories-dietz-watson-cooked-corned-beef-i89411 The 98% Fat Free Turkey.   Retrieved May 22, 2010, from World wide web: http://www.fatsecret. com/. /oscar-mayer/98%25 -fat-free-turkey- lunch-meat 97% Fat Free   Hebrew National   Hotdogs and Products.   Retrieved May 22, 2010, from World wide web: http:// www.hebrewnational.com/products/hot-dog-beef-franks.jsp Fitness Truth Behind Fat-Free Labeled Foods   by   Phil Kaplan.  Ã‚   Retrieved May 22, 2010, from World wide web: http:// www.philkaplan.com/thefitnesstruth/fat-free.htm

Teaching Philosophy :: Education Teachers Reflective Writing Essays

Teaching Philosophy Education is the means by which a student gains the tools for a successful future. Through education, a teacher is not only teaching facts, but also teaching life skills. Education teaches students discipline, responsibility, and many other life skills. As a teacher, I hope to instill these skills in my students. I also hope to help them develop as adolescents. Education should allow students to fully understand and discover themselves, in addition to giving them the ability to survive in the real world. Education involves respecting every student's race, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and religion. Education should teach the students to think on their own, and to accept and embrace their individuality. For as long as I can remember, I have always wanted to teach. Through various tutoring experiences, I have really solidified that decision in my mind. I would really enjoy teaching in a middle school environment. I feel that the middle grades can really make or break a students’ enjoyment for mathematics. I hope to bring an enthusiasm and love for the subject, and spread that feeling to my students. As an educator, I hope to encourage students to do their best and have then accept nothing less. I believe that education is not just about the classroom, it is about knowing your students and encouraging them to grow as individuals. As a teacher, it is very important to build a relationship and understanding with your students. Education is not just about teaching facts, it is about developing a students knowledge about the subject and about themselves. I think it is important to challenge the students while maintaining their confidence. Through interactions with teachers and fellow students, a student will learn how to interact with others. Schools are a structured environment that will give students the groundwork to lead them into the work environment in their future. As a future math teacher, I understand that many students struggle with the subject of math. I don’t expect my students to love math, but I hope that through my teachings they will understand and appreciate the subject. Mathematical concepts are very prevalent in society and by teaching this, I will be instilling useful skills for the rest of their life.

Essay --

Memories from July â€Å"He threw with all his might, but the third stone came skipping back.† Fifty years later. â€Å"Running through the stormy weather, he ran to the spot where he meets the love of his life every afternoon during July. Ever since they were eight, they would meet through the forest at an enormous pond to chat and skip rocks. They decided early on that the amount of rocks they skipped would represent the number of things that they need to get off of their chest. Once he reached the water’s edge, the boy bent over and picked up a pearl colored stone and skipped it, releasing all of his bottled up emotions. After the stone was swallowed by the vast pond, he immediately picked up another and gently tossed it.† â€Å"Making her way down to stand next to him, the girl asked, ‘Why only two?’† â€Å"‘No reason. I’ve just had a lot of things on my mind lately.’ the boy grinned, motioning for the girl to pick up a stone.† â€Å"Did they love each other?† a small child anxiously asked her grandmother. â€Å"Slow down dearie.† said the old woman, smiling. â€Å"You wouldn’t want to skip any parts, now would you?† The young girl eagerly shook her head and looked up at her grandmother’s green eyes once again. â€Å"When the sun began to set,† the grandmother spoke, â€Å"the boy and girl decided that it was time for them to go home. The boy was from a wealthy family, and had messy, golden hair that came just above his eyes. His eyes were as golden as the honey from a honeybee. The girl, however, came from a poor family and had jade green eyes, and dark red, curly hair that she wore in a French braid. The boy’s mother absolutely hated the girl, and forbid him from ever seeing her again.† â€Å"But why?† whined the tiny child. â€Å"What did he do?!† The grandmother chuckled... ...the rest of the year, and when July finally came around again, they waited for the other at the rock. They grew closer to each other with every passing day and never went a day without skipping stones.† â€Å"So they fell in love and got married?† asked the smiling toddler. â€Å"Not exactly,† her grandmother said. â€Å"The end of July neared once again, and they were feeling blue, knowing that their days together were coming to an end. It stormed on the last day of July, but they didn’t think anything of it. The young couple said their heartfelt goodbyes and went their own separate ways.† â€Å"Nick stopped replying to Katalina’s letters around Christmas time. He would send a letter a few times here and there, but never explained why he didn’t write to her as often. Katalina felt as if things weren’t the same anymore so she asked him to meet her at their spot, but he never showed up.

Satirical Texts: Dead White Males & World of Warcraft Episode

Dead White Males DAVID WILLIAMSON Make Love not Warcraft SOUTH PARK (SEASON 10 EPISODE 8) INTRO The role and function of satirical texts is ultimately to expose the follies and vices that we see today in contemporary society. Satire may be effectively defined as a device used to highlight and the expose the failures of human nature in society.Two texts in particular, Dead White Males by David Williamson and a particular episode of South Park named ‘Make Love not Warcraft’ will be spoken upon, one satirising the follies in the educational system through a very arrogant and narrow minded aspect and the other ridiculing those people who play World of Warcraft. Satirical techniques such as caricature, understatements, situational irony and characterization are all used to effectively satirise and expose human vices and hypocrisy. WoW CARICATUREThroughout the Southpark episode ‘Make Love not Warcraft’ it is evident that it caricatures the stereotypical heavy Worl d of Warcraft players. Through the use of caricature we are able to understand that the social roles of those who partake in the digital game reach a point where they do not leave their keyboard. In this particular text the four main protagonists become increasingly obese, lazy and unsocial. Give an actual example of one of the characters. Explain the caricature – their exaggerated physical attributes and the exaggereated aspects of their personas as WoW players.The follies of the digital world are intemperately exaggerated within the text so as to highlight and reinforce the absurdity of the social and physical sacrifices made by some people in the real world in order to be part of the World of Warcraft. A very visible example of this within the text of ‘Make Love not Warcraft’ is where one of the main protagonists, Cartmen, suggest that they sacrifice all but three hours of their day in order to level up their characters for the following seven and a half weeks in order to face their rival.This is a clear technique of caricature and parody as they reenact what some might do in the real world. DWM CARICATURE In contrast, within the text of ‘Dead White Males’ there is much dramatization surrounding the traditional roles of males and females. Shakespeare argues that from the moment of birth it has been in a males nature to wear boyish clothes and play with toy cars, and in a girls nature to wear skirts and play with dolls. In response to this Swain argues that Shakespeares’ theory was incorrect, rather it was society that had invented the nature in which males and females should act.Angela Judd, the main protagonist in the play questions her grandfather Col on the topic of her father Martin Judd, unemployed and supported by his dominant wife Sarah. Angela quotes: â€Å"He didn’t fit the traditional male role did he? † In return Col argues: â€Å"If you can’t stand up for yourself you sink, male or fe male. † This particular quote by Col reinforces the theory of Swains’ that the way in which males and females were taught to act, this links to the satirical technique of caricature.There is also an element of Inversion within this as the characters have been given opposite roles in order to ridicule. The social roles and behaviours of Angelas’ parents are ridiculed as her mother is portayed as dominant over her father. WoW UNDERSTATEMENT Another satirical technique that is used almost always throughout the South Park series is an understatement. Defined as being the opposite to exaggeration it may be used to address something very casual in a serious manner.An example of this is found midway through the ‘Make Love not Warcraft’ episode whereas one of the main protagonists, Cartmen, addresses his friend Butters in quite a threatening manner, quoting: â€Å"Butters, go buy World of Warcraft, install it on your computer and join the online sensation b efore we all murder you. † This example of understatement links directly back to the technique of caricature, once again highlighting the absurdity of their immoral social behaviour when on the topic of World of Warcraft. DWM CHARACTERIZATIONThroughout the text of ‘Dead White Males’ there is a bitter satirical comment on many of today’s familiar poses of sexual and political rectitude, it also conveys the topics of deconstruction in human nature and the nature of male and female relationships. Grant Swain, a university lecturer takes our attention in both the first and second scene by lecturing us on his subjective views of society and literature. The satirical technique of characterization (THIS IS CARICATURE) portrays Grant Swain as very opinionated, an intellectual fascist who’s goal is to indoctrinate not educate.As the story progresses there are many stereotypes that are formed showing Swain in a very negative light, one of these stereotypes inc ludes that he is an ageing and belittled university lecturer who wishes to achieve a patriarchal and charismatic figure amongst his younger students. It is therefore clear that Grant Swain is used in order to satirise the vices of the educational system. WoW SITUATIONAL IRONY Situational irony, which is also commonly used throughout the South Park series is simply when something happens and as a result the reversal of expectations may occur.Cartmen once again reappears and as before mentioned suggests that the four of them continue to play and level their characters sacrificing all but three hours of their day to the game in order to face their rival, someone who is considered to have no life. Cartmen then quotes: ‘What do you say guys? You can just hang outside in the sun all day tossing a ball around or you can sit at your computer and do something that matters† To the viewers amazement, they do so, linking to the element of Situational Irony and once again back to car icature as their their social behaviours’ alter for the duration of their involvement with World of Warcraft.DWM SITUATIONAL IRONY In contrast, Grant Swain, being previously portrayed as quite opinionated is also characterized to the reader through the use of situational irony. In the first few scenes of the play Swain quotes â€Å"the dominant ideology has constructed a female stereotype† this also links directly back to the dramatization of the traditional roles of sexes. Verbal irony is shown soon after as Angela counters his theory quoting â€Å"your average woman may find swaggering macho master far more attractive than intellect†.This in turn sheds Swain in a negative light as being stereotypical, previously referring to himself as an ‘average woman’, satirising the hypocrisy of humans and in particular linking back to Swains characterization as an intellectual facist. CONCLUSION All things considered through both texts ‘Dead White Males ’ and ‘Make Love not Warcraft’ we are able to understand that the roles and functions of satirical texts in contemporary society are crucially important and particularly illustrated through the use of satirical techniques.

Bonsai: Japanese Tree Art Essay

Many people in the contemporary society have always expressed their desire to connect with nature especially by cultivating certain plants in their compounds but the urban living conditions cannot allow. These, especially in towns have little space around their houses for growing flowers or trees and this greatly applies to those who live in apartments which are compacted or multistoried (Pilgrim, par 1). Did you know that one can actually grow trees in his or her house? Thanks to a Chinese ancient Art in tree planting where one can afford to have a tree plant in a pot. This art is called Bonsai. This word is pronounced as ‘bone-sigh’ which if directly translated from Japanese it means ‘tree in pot’ (Kenney, par 1). A bonsai tree is just an ordinary tree which has been sculpted and a healthy one can live for 100 years (Curley, par 1). This essay seeks to trail through the events that have characterized this Art from the time of its inception, the art process, its significance in relation to the society and how it has changed overtime. What Is The History Behind Bonsai Art? China is believed to have been the original home or the birth place of this art which began more than a thousand years ago. It was originally called Pun-sai and it involved growing trees in small pots and one pot could only have one tree. The Chinese Bonsai had twisted branches which resembled different animals for example birds or even reptiles like snakes and other imaginary creatures like dragons which were associated with some legends and myths. The shape of the Bonsai depended on the artist’s imagination. The Chinese regarded trees as the best way of expressing nature and for them, the growing of these trees was one way of bringing tranquility to ones mind (Pilgrim, par 5). Later, in the 12th century around a period called Kamakura, the Japanese adopted it. The exact time that this happened cannot be indicated but it is believed to be around 1195 AD. This happened when Zen Buddhism was being spread in Japan and in the process; the Chinese tradition of Bonsai trees was also spread through some monks who established their monasteries in Japan. They are the ones who were actively involved in the Art thus advancing it. Afterwards, the aristocracy picked up the art as a hobby and it became a sign of wealth thus spreading through the upper class (Hubik, par 1). For the Japanese, they regarded Bonsai as a symbol of honor and prestige and by 14th century, the art was regarded as a highly refined form of art. During those times, the Japanese elite used to have those occasions where they could display their Bonsai trees on special shelves (Hubik, par 1). Originally, many Japanese grew the trees outside their houses but when they decided to throw a party, the trees would be taken inside for people to enjoy the sight (Olsen, par 3). The nobility in Japan perceived Bonsai as peace among three things, that is man, spirit and nature (Curley, par 4). Later, in the 19th century, after spending more than 230 years in isolation, Japan opened its doors to the rest of the world and thus the outsiders accessed this art. Travelers from European countries could not believe what they saw: mature tree plants in ceramic pots and this seemed something worth to adopt. From then onwards, they spread the gospel to other western nations and in 1900, in Paris world exhibition, the art was introduced to the whole world. This was followed by subsequent exhibitions in London and Vienna (Hubik, par 7). Myths Associated With Bonsai Art There are various misconceptions about Bonsai trees. Some people have always misconstrued this Bonsai technique as a dwarfing process. Traditional techniques for growing Bonsai should never be termed as dwarfing of trees which employs certain manipulations which are genetic. Genetic manipulation is not involved anywhere in cultivating these trees but natural seeds are used instead. Other techniques are also employed such as grafting, pruning, defoliation, potting and root reduction (Pilgrim, par 3). Some people believe that, the Bonsai trees are kept that short by some cruel techniques. This is actually not true. In fact, if they are watered well and are exposed to enough air, light and also good nutrition, they can live for long, more than full grown trees belonging to the same species. The techniques are just the same as the ones used on other horticultural plants. Some also hold onto believe that a Bonsai tree is just few centimeters tall which is not true however if compared with their full grown brothers, they are small, ranging between 25 centimeters and 1 meter (Bonsai Site, par. 1). The Process of Bonsai Tree Art Typical plants and trees can make up Bonsai but those which have small leaves are regarded as suitable. In Japan, trees like pine, bamboo and plum have been used. Seeds and cuttings from these trees can be used to develop Bonsai trees and also stunted trees which occur naturally that can be grown in containers. One may ask how they come to be that small. Well, these trees are trained to be small by the process of pruning whereby their branches and roots are trimmed. Other methods include repotting which is done periodically, new growth can also be pinched and if one desires the plant to grow in a particular shape, then one will be required to wire the tree into the desired shape (Bonsai site, par 3). The tree has to have a trunk which is well tapered and should also have branches all over; this is to give it a visual depth (Black, par. 5). The container in which the Bonsai tree is grown is independent from the earth. The tree should not be at the centre of the container. It was always believed that in that container, heaven and earth are one and in the centre is where they meet thus nothing is allowed to occupy that space and that’s why the tree is not supposed to be planted at the centre. Triangular pattern is so much encouraged to add to the beauty. Truth, beauty and goodness are three virtues which are believed to be necessary for the creation of a Bonsai tree (Bonsai Site, par 4). These containers are primarily kept outside excluding those ones for trees which are trained to grow indoors. There are no rules regarding the development of Bonsai because they are personalized by individuals and more so if it is for one’s enjoyment. It doesn’t require so much but ones patience and endurance. A person’s commitment will also force him to dedicate much of his time and skill to the Bonsai tree (Bonsai Site, par 7) Watering of Bonsai is considered the most important factor in the process and it is also a skill to be learnt because watering varies with different Bonsai trees, types of soil used and pots. Always ensure that the trees do not dry out and to check this, one can insert a tooth pick in the soil to see if there is any moisture (Squidoo, par. 2). As mentioned earlier, pruning is also involved but it is usually not done on young Bonsai trees but those ones which have grown a bit. Pruning just involves trimming the tree into a desired shape and thus there is no guideline on how to prune correctly. One should also ensure that the tree is exposed to enough light, if not so artificial light should be provided to compensate for the sunlight which is not available for the plant. Fertilization also depends with the type of Bonsai thus it is not a major requirement in the art. One recommendation is that one is not required to fertilize unhealthy dry Bonsai (Squidoo, par. 7). Repotting is another major caring technique for a Bonsai plant. It is usually done after two years which also depends on the pots size and the growth of the plant. Repotting helps the plant to develop good rooting system and also supplying it with fresh soil (Squidoo, par 7). Bonsai wiring is another technique which is required in this process to shape them. It involves wrapping tree branches and trunks with the wire until the tree is in a position to maintain the shape and that is when the wire can be removed. All these tools which are used in this process can be supplied by anyone who specializes in Bonsai tools. One can use plain silver wire, copper or brown Bonsai wires and if one cannot access these, any other can do so long as it is bendable and can be easily removed. Thicker wires are the most appropriate in Bonsai and if one cannot get these ones, he or she must involve double wrapping (Squidoo, par. 12-13). To sum up, there are no specific guidelines which can apply to all Bonsai trees hence different species of Bonsai need to be treated differently, In Japan, the process is considered to have no end as long as the plant is alive. One is supposed to treat the plant with respect and love and the act of caring for the tree is in itself a meditation (Black, par. 6). What is the Significance of Bonsai Art in Relation to the Society? To the Japanese, they associated the plant with their faith in Zen Buddhism where man and nature are one and are thus joined through meditation and expression. In the modern world however, this process is more of a hobby. This is important as it helps to understand nature and being part of it and also enhancing the beauty of the gardens (Bonsai Site, par 1-2). Bonsai trees have also been regarded as symbols of harmony among three things; that is man, nature and soul while the monks associate them with prestige and honor (Curley, par. 4). The act of shaping the tree and viewing it was understood to be one way of uniting nature and spirit. It also signified the Japanese philosophy and refinement in that, by pruning; the unwanted and unnecessary parts were done away with thus refining the tree. This view is still held in Japan and that is why during every New Year, families in Japan display their Bonsai trees which have been decorated. The ornamentation of the Bonsai to decorate it is referred to as Tokoma (Bonsai site, par 10). Once it was associated with the elite but nowadays, it is observed by all; this is because, the art symbolizes their culture and ideals (Curley, par. 4). How Has The Art Changed Overtime? In the modern world, the art has taken an interesting twist in that; most people have taken it up as a profession (Bonsai Site, par. 3). The art has really developed to new forms where the pot and the tree complement each other in various aspects such as shape, texture and also color. The tree has to be shaped and not left to grow the way it would naturally. These changes have been experienced since the art began in China. The Chinese Bonsai still maintains its ancient styles and shapes which are traditional and sometimes these are usually perceived by the Europeans as crude. The Japanese one is much more natural and pleasing to the eyes because they are well taken care off and refined (Sinonewa, par. 4). They are the ones who perfected this art. Nowadays, Bonsai has taken different styles and shapes. Bonsai which can grow indoors are trained in classical styles which include windswept, slanted trunk among others. The Art which was originally by the Japanese and the Chinese is now practiced around the world and thus it is regarded as a way through which the spirit of nature is imitated (Black, par. 9). Lastly, artists started to incorporate other cultural elements into their plantings such as rocks and even small buildings thus displaying diverse possibilities in styles and thus the Art has evolved reflecting changes in time and tastes. Due to demand of this Art all over the world, artists have resulted to grow young plants, training them to appear the same as the Bonsai. Japanese decided to concentrate on this art and they opened nurseries to grow bonsai trees mainly for export. The range of plants used in this art also increased to suit different world climates and thus countries and cultures can pick up the art without any problem. (Bonsai Site, par. 8). Two modern artists who are involved with this art are Morten Albek and Artists from Austin Bonsai society. Source: Oriental Decor Source: Oriental Decor Work Cited Austin Bonsai Society. Modern Bonsai Artists, 21 March, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010, . Black, Frank. Japanese Bonsai. China Town Connection, 2005. Web May 1, 2010, . Black, Frank. The Art of Bonsai Tree. Ezine Articles, 6 June 2006. Web. 1 May, 2010 . Oriental Decor. Japanese Bonsai Trees. 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010 . Curley. Karen. The Bonsai in Japanese Culture. EHow, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010, . Hubik, Dan. A Detailed History of Bonsai. Bonsai Site, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010, . Kenney, Kim. Definition of Bonsai. eHow, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010 . Mortein, Albek. Modern Bonsai Artist. The Knowledge of Bonsai. Web. May 1 2010 . Olsen, Eric. Bonsai Tree Meaning. Bonsai Gardener, 2008. Web 1 May, 2010, . Pilgrim, Gray. Bonsai Tree History. Hub Pages, 2 March 2010. Web. 1 May 2010 . Sanunewa . Bonsai: Tree, History, Culture, Background. Hub Pages, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010 . Site Bonsai. An introduction to Bonsai, 2010. Web. 1 May, 2010, . Squidoo. The art of Bonsai: the Bonsai tree care, 2010. Web 1 May, 2010 .

Causes Of The Indian Removal Act Architecture Essay

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was unfolded was during a clip of contradictions. While it was a period of spread outing democratic establishments, it besides pointed to obvious restrictions of that democracy. States mostly abolished belongings limitations on vote and as the Western frontier was being expanded, it meant more chances of colony for Whites. However, the Western land of promise spelled catastrophe for the Native peoples who lived with the Whites. No 1 better understood the contradictions of this age of democracy than the Cherokees, who adopted many of the white establishments merely to endure from the dictatorship of the bulk and were forced to the West against their will. In this survey, I will reply the inquiry:What were the causes of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and what were its effects upon the Cherokee state?Before the act, the American authorities sought to educate and incorporate the Native Americans into their civilization, and the Cherokees were an illustration of the successes of assimilation. I will research why there was such a important displacement in American policies toward the Native Americans from assimilation to removal. I will besides discourse the long term effects of the Indian Removal Act that negatively altered the internal organisation of the folks and created cabals within the Cherokee state. I relied on both primary and secondary beginnings to understand both Americans ‘ and the Cherokees ‘ positions on the act. In my research, I discovered the grudges harbored by the Cherokee state when the American policies were changed and implemented. The Indian Removal Act is, without a inquiry, a Cherokee calamity, but it is besides an American calamity. The Cherokees had believed in the promise of democracy by the United States, and their letdown is a bequest that all Americans portion.Introduction:The Cherokees were merely one of the many Native Americans forcibly removed in the first half of the 19th century, but their experiences have a peculiar significance and poignance. The Cherokees, more than any other native people in their clip, tried to follow the Anglo-American civilization. In a unusually short clip, they transformed their society and modified their traditional civilization to conform to United States policies, to carry through the outlooks of white politi cians, and most significantly, to continue their tribal unity. This â€Å" civilisation † policy required a entire reorganisation of the religious and societal universe of the Cherokees. They established schools, developed written Torahs, and abolished kin retaliation. Cherokee adult females became involved in whirling and weaving while the work forces raised farm animal and deep-rooted harvests. Some Cherokee even built columned plantation houses and bought slaves. John C. Calhoun, secretary of war, writes to Henry Clay, Speaker of the House of Representatives on January 15, 1820, â€Å" ‘The Cherokees exhibit a more favourable visual aspect that any other folk of Indians. They are already established two booming schools among them. ‘ † ( Ehle 154 ) . By following the white civilization, the Cherokees hope to derive white regard. Socialization was besides a defensive mechanism to forestall farther loss of land and extinction of native civilization. Even more inexorable Cherokees steadfastly believed that â€Å" civili sation † was preferred to their traditional manner of life. The advancement of the Cherokees astounded many Whites who traveled through their county in the early 19th century. Adding to these accomplishments, a Cherokee named Sequoyah invented a syllabic script in 1820 that enabled the Cherokees to read and compose in their ain linguistic communication. They besides increased the figure of written Torahs and established a bicameral legislative assembly. By 1827, the Cherokees had besides established a supreme tribunal and a fundamental law really similar to those of the United States. Their educated work forces even attended the American Board ‘s seminary in Cornwall, Connecticut, and could read Latin and Greek every bit good as understand the white adult male ‘s doctrine, history, divinity, and political relations ( Anderson 7 ) . The Cherokees exceeded the ends proposed for the Indians by assorted United States presidents from George Washington and Andrew Jackson. In the words of a Cherokee bookman, the Cherokees were the â€Å" mirror of the American Republic. † On the Eve of Cherokee remotion to the West, many white Americans considered them to be the most â€Å" civilised † of all indigens peoples ( Anderson 24 ) . What so caused the Cherokees to be removed? Why were they forced to abandon places, schools, and churches? From demographic displacements to the rise in political cabals, the resulting struggles that originating from the Indian Removal Act of 1830 still affect the lasting Cherokee state today.Causes of the Indian Removal Act:It is of import to acknowledge that the determination of the Jackson disposal to take the Cherokee Indians to set down west of the Mississippi River in the 1830 ‘s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in consequence since the 1790 ‘s than a alteration in that policy. In the early old ages of the Republic, ictus of Indian land was a manner of â€Å" educating † Native Americans. First articulated by George Washington ‘s Secretary of War, Henry Knox, on July 2, 1791 in the Treaty of Holston, the policy of prehending native lands was â€Å" that the Cherokee Nation may be led to a greater grade of civilisation, and to go herders and agriculturists, alternatively of staying in a province of huntsmans. The United States will from clip to clip furnish gratuitous the said state with utile implements of farming. † On the surface, the original end of the â€Å" civilisation † policy seemed philanthropic. Making civilised work forces out of â€Å" barbarians † would profit the Native Americans and the new state every bit good as guarantee the advancement of the human race ( Bernard Sheehan,Seeds of Extinction: Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian, 119 ) . However, the policy represented efforts to wrest the Cherokee lands. Knox and his replacements reasoned that if American indians gave up hunting, their hunting evidences will go â€Å" excess † land that they would volitionally interchange for financess to back up instruction, agribusiness and other â€Å" civilized † chases ( Perdue 25 ) . For this ground, haling the Indians to yield their hunting evidences would really speed up socialization because they would no longer busy the forest when they had Fieldss to till. Thomas Jefferson, who became president in 1801, shared Knox ‘s beliefs. Jefferson ‘s negociating tactics were far more aggressive than anything Knox envisioned as Jefferson ordered his agents to escalate the force per unit area on folks to sell more and larger piece of lands of land. Soon, he let it be known that dainties, bullying, and graft were acceptable tactics to acquire the occupation done ( Anderson 35 ) . Jefferson, with his aggression, simply uncovered that these civilisation policies were non for the benefit of the Native Americans. Rather, the assimilation policy was a cloaked policy of remotion of the Native Americans by the American authorities. It is hence of import to place that the cause of the Indian Removal Act did non arise in the 1830 ‘s, but instead culminated in the early 19th century. However, more immediate grounds did do Congress to go through the Indian Removal Act of 1830 during Jackson ‘s presidential term. The factors lending to the destiny of the Cherokees were the find of gold on Cherokee land, the issue of provinces ‘ rights, and the outgrowth of scientific racism. American speculators coveted the about five million estates the Cherokee Nation refused to sell. White persons desired land for colony intents as belongings was an obvious step of wealth in the South. The Southerners besides desired more agricultural land as the innovation of the cotton gin made cotton a moneymaking concern. In add-on, invasion into Cherokee lands became more pressing with the find of gold on its land in 1829. Besides, the Americans began to encompass a belief in white high quality and the inactive nature of the â€Å" ruddy adult male † in the period after the 1820 ‘s. Many Americans concluded, â€Å" Once an Indian, ever an Indian † ( Anderson 35 ) . Culture, they believed, was innate, non learned. However â€Å" civilized † an Indian may look, he retained a â€Å" barbarian † nature. When the civilisation plan failed to transform the Indians overnight, many Americans supported that the â€Å" barbarians † should non be permitted to stay in thick of a civilised society. Though earlier in his missive to Clay, Calhoun had praised the advancement of the Cherokees, he concludes the missive authorship, â€Å" Although partial progresss may hold been made under the present system to educate the Indians, I am of an sentiment that, until there is a extremist alteration in the system, any attempts which may be made must fall short of complete success. The y must be brought under our authorization and Torahs, or they will numbly blow away in frailty and wretchedness. ‘ † The condescending tone that Calhoun takes to depict the Cherokees reveals the racist attitude of the early 19th century and sheds light onto one of the grounds why Americans urged Congress to take Indians from their fatherlands. In this racialist ambiance of Georgia, another critical cause of remotion was provinces ‘ rights. Although the Cherokees saw their fundamental law as a crowning accomplishment, Whites, particularly Georgians, viewed it as a challenge to provinces ‘ rights because the Cherokee district was within the boundaries of four provinces. The 1827 Cherokee Constitution claimed sovereignty over tribal lands, set uping a province within a province. Georgians claimed that such a legal manoeuvre violated the United States fundamental law and that the federal authorities was making nil to rectify the state of affairs. Sympathetic the Georgians calls was Andrew Jackson, who became president 1829. As a follower of the Republican philosophy of province sovereignty, he steadfastly supported a national policy of Indian remotion and defended his base by asseverating that remotion was the lone class of action that could salvage the Native Americans from extinction. Jackson ‘s attitude toward Native Americans was sponsoring, depicting them as kids in demand of counsel and believed the remotion policy was good to them. To congressional leaders, he assured them that his policies would enable the federal authorities to put the Indians in a part where they would be free of white invasion and jurisdictional differences between the provinces and federal authorities. He sought congressional blessing of his remotion policy and stated to Captain James Gadsden in October 12, 1829 that the policy would be â€Å" generous to the Indians † and at the same clip would let the United States to â€Å" exert a parental control over their involvements and perchance perpetuate their race. † Though non all Americans were convinced by Jackson ‘s and his confidences that his motivations and methods were philanthropic, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 that allowed: 1 ) the federal authorities the power to relocate any Native Americans in the E to district that was west of the Mississippi River ; 2 ) the president to put up territories within the Indian Territory for the response of folks holding to land exchanges, and 3 ) the payment of insurances to the Indians for aid in carry throughing their relocation, protection in their new colonies, and a continuation of the â€Å" supervision and attention. †Effectss of the Indian Removal Act:The Removal Act of 1830 left many things unspecified, including how the remotion of the eastern Indian states would be arranged. During Jackson ‘s disposal, one of the most of import Cherokee groups that decided to go forth was led by the powerful Ridge household. At the beginning of the battle against remotion, the Ridge household steadfastly supported Chief John Ross, one of the elective leaders of the folk. Ross and his people besides believed that the Cherokees ‘ old ages of peace, accomplishments, and parts gave them the right to stay on land that was lawfully theirs. However, the Ridges shortly decided that the battle to maintain the Cherokee lands in the East was a lost cause. Major Ridge had been one of the first to acknowledge that Indians had no hope against Whites in war. Two cabals so developed within the folk – the bulk, who supported Chief Ross in his battle to maintain their fatherland in the East, and the Treaty Group, who thought the lone solution was to emigrate to the West. Rather than lose all they had to the provinces in the East, the Ridge party, without the consent of Ross, signed the Treaty of New Echota in December 1835. They treaty conveyed to the United States all lands owned, claimed, or possessed by the Cherokee Nation E of the Mississippi River. Major Ridge explained his determination to give up the Cherokee fatherland stating, â€Å" We can non remain here in safety and comfort†¦ We can ne'er bury these places†¦ I would volitionally decease to continue them, but any physical attempt to maintain them will be us our lands, our lives and the lives of our kids ‘ † ( Gilbert 21 ) . By Cherokee jurisprudence, the folk owned all land in common, no person or minority group had a right to dispose of it. Army officer Major William Davis who was hired to inscribe the Cherokees for remotion, wrote the secretary of war that â€Å" nine-tenths † of the Cherokees would reject the Treat of New Echota: â€Å" That paper called a dainty is no pact at all † ( Gilbert 23 ) . However, on May 17, 1836, the Senate ratified the Treaty of New Echota by one ballot, and on May 23, President Jackson signed the pact into jurisprudence. The deadline for remotion of all the Cherokees from the East was set for May 23, 1838. The Treaty of New Echota was non an honest or just understanding between the United States and the Cherokee state. Even Georgia governor William Schley, admitted that it was â€Å" non made with the countenance of their leaders † ( Ehle 244 ) . However, in January 1837, about six hundred affluent members of the Treaty Party emigrated west, a full twelvemonth before the physical exile of the remainder of the Cherokees. Cherokee remotion did non take topographic point as a individual ejection but alternatively spanned many old ages. In the late summer of 1838, a withdrawal of Cherokees began to go out the stockade where they had been held for many months expecting the long journey to their new place West of the Mississippi. Some Cherokees had voluntarily moved west, though most remained in their fatherlands, still non believing they would be forced to go forth. In 1838, the Cherokees were disarmed, and General Winfield Scott was sent to supervise their remotions. John G. Burnett, a soldier who participated in the remotion described the event stating, â€Å" Womans were dragged from their places by soldiers. Children were frequently separated from their parents and driven into the stockades with the sky for a cover and the Earth for a pillow. And frequently the old and inform were prodded with bayonets to rush them to the stockades † ( Ehle 393 ) . Those forced from their fatherland departed with heavy Black Marias. Cherokee George Hicks lamented, â€Å" We are now about to take our concluding leave and sort farewell to our native land, the state that the Great Spirit gave our Fathers†¦ It is with sorrow that we are forced by the white adult male to discontinue the scenes of our childhood † ( Anderson 37 ) . For Cherokees, the Georgian land had significance far deeper than its commercial value. Their civilization and creative activity tied them to this topographic point, and now they were being compelled to give up their places and March West. Above all, Cherokees lost religion in the United States. In one Kentucky town, a local occupant asked an aged Indian adult male if he remembered him from his service the United States Army in the Creek War. The old adult male replied, â€Å" Ah! My life and the lives of my people were so at interest for you and your state. I so thought Jackson my best friend. But ah! Jackson no service me right. Your state no make me justice now! † ( New York Observer, January 26, 1839, quoted in Foreman 305-307. ) Exposure and weariness during the exile weakened immune systems, doing the Cherokees susceptible to diseases such as rubeolas, whooping cough, dysentery, and respiratory infections. The figure of Cherokees who perished on the Trail of Tears, the name given to the 826 stat mi path taken took them west, is difficult to find. The most normally cited figure for deceases is 4,000, about one one-fourth of the Cherokees, and is an estimation made by Dr. Elizur Butler, a missional who accompanied the Cherokees ( Anderson 85 ) . By his ain count, John Ross supervised the remotion of 13,149, and his withdrawal reported 424 deceases and 69 births along with 182 abandonments. A United States functionary in Indian Territory counted 11,504 reachings, a disagreement of 1,645 when compared to the sum of those who departed the East. Sociologist Russell Thorton has speculated that remotion cost the Cherokees 10,000 persons between 1835 and 1840, including the kids that victims would hold produced have they survived ( Anderson 93 ) . Therefore, the overall demographic consequence was far greater than the existent figure of casualties. When the Ross withdrawals arrived in the spring of 1839 to the Indian Territory, melding with the â€Å" Treaty Party † who left before the physical remotion was a daunting undertaking. Removal had shattered the matrix of Cherokee society, rending them from their hereditary beginnings and agitating their infant establishments of authorities. Civil war burst away as the political chasm brought on by the Treaty of New Echota divided the Cherokee Nation. For more than a decennary, the Cherokee fought this bloody civil war, and a deformed version of the old kin retaliation system reemerged. In June 1839, between six and seven thousand Cherokees assembled at Takatoka Camp Ground to decide the looming political crisis. Chief John Ross insisted on the continuance of the eastern Cherokee authorities for several grounds. The Cherokee Nation had a written fundamental law and an luxuriant jurisprudence codification and authorities, and they did represent a significant bulk. However, the United States saw the Treaty Party as true nationalists, Ross as a scoundrel, and the recent emigres as â€Å" barbarians, † queering all attempts to accommodate the divided cabals in the Cherokee state. When the meeting ended with a via media to be voted on a ulterior day of the month, 150 National Party work forces met in secret and decided that the Cherokees who had signed the Treaty of New Echota were treasonists who had violated the Cherokee jurisprudence forbiding the unauthorised sale of land. Early on the forenoon of June 22, one group dragged John Ridge from his bed and stabbed him to decease. Another party shooting Major Ridge as he traveled along a route in Arkansas, killing him immediately. About the same clip, a 3rd group came to Elias Boudinot ‘s house and divide his caput with a hatchet. Reacting to these Acts of the Apostless of force, the Treaty Party remained opposed to any authorities dominated by the National Party. They held their ain councils and sent delegates to Washington to seek federal protection and the apprehension of the individuals responsible for the violent deaths. Most of the Treaty Party continued to defy the act of brotherhood and bitterly op posed any grant to the National Party, widening the turning political chasm. However, every bit long as the National Party refused to sign the Treaty of New Echota, the patriot Cherokees were refused payment of its rentes and financess by the federal authorities. The comparative prosperity of the Treaty Party members ignited the hibernating bitternesss of the destitute Cherokees who had suffered the torment of the Trail of Tears ( McLoughlin 17 ) . In order to confirm the sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation and to relieve the agony of his people, Ross pressed for a renegotiation of the deceitful Treaty of New Echota. While Ross was in Washington in the summer of 1842, force in the Cherokee Nation escalated as members of the Treaty Party began killing persons who they believed had been responsible for the decease of their leaders. Gangs began to assail and kill other Cherokee citizens, most of whom were identified with the National Party, but became impossible to separate between political force and common offense. The Starr pack, for illustration, coalesced ar ound James Starr, a signer of the Treaty of New Echota. Under the pretense of political opposition, Starr ‘s boies and others terrorized the Cherokee state. In 1843, they murdered a white visitant to the Cherokee Nation and besides burned down the place of John Ross ‘ girl. The force gave the federal authorities an alibi to maintain military personnels at Fort Gibson, decry the inefficaciousness of the Nation ‘s authorities and tamper further in Cherokee personal businesss. The Treaty Party renewed their hope of sabotaging Ross ‘ authorization since federal functionaries tended to fault Ross for the slaughter ( Perdue 156 ) . The letters during the clip of this Cherokee civil warfare reflected the fright and anguish felt by the people. In November 1845, Jane Ross Meigs wrote to her male parent, Chief John Ross, â€Å" The state is in such a province merely now that there seems small encouragement for people to construct good houses or do anything. I am so nervous I can scarce compose at all. I hope it will non be long you ‘ll be at place but I hope that the state will be settled by that clip excessively † ( Rozema 198 ) . Less than a twelvemonth subsequently, Sarah Watie of the Treaty Party wrote her hubby, â€Å" I am so tired of populating this manner. I do n't believe I could populate one twelvemonth longer if I knew that we could non acquire settled, it has wore my liquors out merely the ideas of non holding a good place†¦ I am absolutely ill of the universe † ( Perdue 141 ) . An uneasy peace came to the Cherokee Nation after the United States authorities forced the tribal cabals to subscribe a pact of understanding in Washington in 1846. The Cherokees, under Ross ‘ leading was to be sovereign in their new land. It besides brought the per capita payments so urgently needed for economic recovery of the Cherokee Nation. However, with this pact, the Cherokees were caught in a series of contradictions. Cherokee leaders wanted to convert the white population that they were capable of pull offing their ain personal businesss if left to their ain self-determination. But economically, they were tied to the fiscal assistance of the federal authorities, turning of all time more dependent on American financess. Furthermore, in thick of this â€Å" peace, † the Cherokees could non project aside old frights that continued to stalk them. If Whites could drive them from Georgia, why non from this topographic point? From this fright spawned an attitude of mis giving toward the American authorities that is still present in some Cherokee societies today ( Anderson 115 ) .Decision:The causes of the Indian Removal Policy of 1830 are legion and varied in reading. Some historiographers have equated Jackson ‘s remotion policy with Adolph Hitler ‘s Final Solution and hold even called it genocide ( Peter Farb ‘sThe Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial StateNew York: E. P. Dutton, 1968 ) . Not merely did he promote the geographical separation of Indians and Whites, but 1000s of Native Americans perished in the procedure. Whether or non he advocated this mass extinction of Indians, Jackson on the political forepart was a steadfast protagonist of province sovereignty and could non deny Georgia ‘s rights to the Cherokees ‘ expansive lands. In add-on to the impact on the Cherokee demographics, the Treaty of New Echota caused cabals within the Cherokee Nation that broke truenesss and caused them to return back to old kin retaliation warfare. The bitterness that was fostered between the New Party and the Treaty Party created permanent divisions within the Cherokee state. Furthermore, the Cherokee Nation, before the Indian Removal Act, had prided itself on the fact that it had adapted to white establishments with great grades of success. However, prosecuting in kin warfare, the Cherokees took a measure back in advancement when embroiled in such force that was chiefly caused by the Treaty of New Echota. Furthermore, the Cherokees remained dependent on federal authorities ‘s economic aid when they were seeking to turn out that they could work better as a soverign state. The remotion of the Cherokees west of the Mississippi is one of the greatest calamities in United States history. While the Cherokees have shown unbelievable resiliency in retrieving from the decimating effects of their remotion, the unfairness they faced from deceitful pacts, ethnocentric intolerance, and prejudiced Torahs will forever discoloration America ‘s history.