Hitler or Peter the Great essays

Hitler or Peter the Great essays Hitler or Peter the Great? If you had to choose which one to be your ruler who would it be? Who accomplished more? Who had the better life before becoming ruler? Who was sicker minded in killing people? In the following paragraphs you will fine out all about them in their accomplishments, life, their way to power, and ways of torture. Both Hitler and Peter led very different lives before the came to power. Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. In Hitlers early childhood he was a good student. He took singing lessons and sang in the choir at a Benedictine monastery. He thought of himself as a mothers darling because he cared deeply about his mother. As he grew up he fancied about being an artist and want to be a painter. Also he was delighted in shooting rats and once thrashed a dog to impress a girl friend. Prejudice against Jews was a source of ethnic conflict was he grew up. Peter the Great was born in Moscow in 1725. As he grew up he had a ferocious education. Also his childhood was surrounded by bloodshed and violence. When he grew up he played many practical jokes that escalated to not so pleasant ones. At the age of 17 he married. As Hitler and Peter grew up the both believed in many things. Hitler believed in separating the Jews from Germany and blamed all of Germanys troubles on the Jews. He also believed that Austria and Germany should be united as a single country, which later happened in 1938. He also believed in the Aryan race a race of blonde hair and blue eyes; neither Hitler nor his men followed this race. Peters beliefs were quite different from Hitlers. Peter thought that intoxication was a reasonable vacation from reality. This is also one way he played his jokes on friends and others, by giving the alcohol rather than the tea and coffee. Another thing belief of his was that Russia should become civilized. Both these men came to power in ...

Illegal Immigration †Current Issues

Illegal Immigration – Current Issues Free Online Research Papers When a person takes the time to ask an illegal immigrant why he or she came to America in the first place, the most frequent answer you will get is they need a job to support their vastly large families. They will say there are no jobs were they came from or even if they can get a job that pays well the government will take most of their earnings leaving them in the same predicament with no way to support their families. They hear about jobs and the opportunities of America and come running hoping to get the privilege of being able to take care of their family. Illegal immigration is a growing problem in the United States the government needs to take necessary action to help stop the over flowing illegal immigrants and decrease the percent of job taken from unemployed American citizens by illegal immigrants. Many immigrants come to America illegally in hopes to find a better job than one they could get in their native country. They will take any job that could ever be conjured up just as long as they get some money for the work. They do not care how hard the work is, where as a citizen won’t take the job because the work is too grueling. The American citizen will sit at home all day saying he or she wants a job but there is not any out there. Well the truth is the aliens are coming over and taking them because the citizens won’t stand up and do the hard work. What are these jobs that Americans will not do? Do they exist? Or are they a figment of the business communitys imagination? It turns out that their claims are largely true- there are plenty of jobs Americans avoid. Lets take a tour of them. Americans shun pretty much any unskilled labor that requires them to get their hands dirty: landscaping, entry-level construction, picking fruits and vegetables (Reuters reports that up to 70 percent of U.S. farm workers are estimated to be undocumented, totaling about 500,000 people), cleaning hotel rooms, busing tables, and prep cooking in urban restaurants. (Dirty Work Daniel Gross) I don’t feel a bit sorry for these people that do not want to do any work, the ones my heart truly breaks for are the men and women that want to work and how hard the work is never crosses their minds. These people are the ones that the aliens are taking the jobs from them because they are cheaper. Labor experts said there is a bias among many employers who view immigrants as harder workers, willing to accept lower wages and fewer benefits and less likely to unionize or complain. (USBC U.S. Border Control 2007) It is these families who must do without because they are replaced by cheap labor. Jobs that will only pay from three to four dollars an hour are passed up by American citizens every day because it won’t help them get ahead in any way. A citizen must be paid at-least minimum wage or the employer will get into a lot of trouble with the government. Minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers. Many minimum wage laws have been passed in the United States. (Google Minimum Wage Definition 2007) If the employer tries to get an American to work for less then minimum wages they might as well be asking the dirt to sweep itself off the floor. But the employer happens to come across an alien that doesn’t know anything about minimum wage laws then they could get them to work and don’t have to worry about breaking the bank. Also there are no laws any where that say an illegal immigrant has to be paid minimum wage. A lot of times when the parents can’t find a job good enough to support the family the children are reduced to begging on the streets for anything they can get. A father with hungry children and no job prospect at home doesn’t need the bright lights of Disney Land to temp him to come over the border. Most illegal immigrants only want the opportunity to feed their families. And NO FENCE across ANY border will discourage a loving father from climbing over when such conditions exist at home. (CIS Fathers Love 2007) They hear about the land of great opportunities, plenty of jobs, new beginnings, and pay that is more an hour then what some could make in a whole days work. So in hopes of getting their babies off of the streets they will come running for fresh new starts with good fortune on the horizon. They also know that if the government has no knowledge about their existence in the United States then they won’t have to pay taxes which to them says more money to keep and support their families. The immigrants that come over from Mexico are fleeing from the mob that controls all the towns, which takes almost all the money the people make. In addition, said Mena Ortega, There were several attempts made by my secretary to ask the Federal Police and the General Prosecutors office of Mexico City to get in contact with me. In her statement, a copy of which was obtained by EL UNIVERSAL, Mena Ortega said she herself had to flee the scene of the lynching due to the aggressive posture of the mob. The people were saying grab her! when someone pushed me into my car, she said in the statement. My chauffeur started the car and we got out of there. Police arrived almost three hours after the attack began, too late to save two of the three officers. Mena Ortega has been criticized for her lack of action after arriving on the scene earlier in the evening. (Francisco Gomez/El Universal El Universal 2007) If a man wants to open a store in a border town; with all the people that come though everyday it seems that they would be able to make a good living and have a nice life for a person in Mexico. But that assumption would be very wrong because the taxes that must be paid to the government are so high and what ever they have to pay to the mob to keep the store open leaves the owner with about nothing to bring home. I can’t even begin to count the number of immigration laws there are in Texas alone much less in all fifty states. It would seem that with all the laws passed and all the penalties that can be placed on illegal immigrants they would stay away, but they don’t. By way of introduction, immigration law violators are not immigrants . They are aliens who are in the United States in violation of law. There is a profound difference between individuals who legally apply for admission and fulfill all the requirements for admission, and those who decide to enter the United States, or intentionally overstay their visa in violation of law. Labeling such violators as intending immigrants only confuses the issue and juxtaposing these two categories is specious logic. A few of the important differences include criminal and health backgrounds of intending entrants. (The Illegal Alien Problem: Enforcing the immigration Laws George Weissinger, Ph. D. 2007) Illegal immigrants keep coming over the border by the truck loads, but why don’t they know about the harsh punishments that could be infected upon them? Of course they don’t because all the laws are never enforced. All they are doing is sitting somewhere collecting dust. The standard response to illegal immigration has been increased boarder enforcement. And, in fact, such tightening of the boarder was long overdue. But there has been almost no attention paid to enforcement at worksites within the United States. Nor has there been any recognition that the networks created by high levels of legal immigration contribute to mass illegal immigration. (Illegal Immigration 2007) Every now and then an alien will get deported back to their native country and in about two to six months they will be back and working again like nothing ever happened. People of America don’t want illegal immigrants to keep coming to their towns and taking jobs from other Americans, but they keep giving the jobs to them. Knowing it’s illegal knowing this person is taking the job from a citizen the person that hired them doesn’t want them in America. But yet when it comes down to it they don’t care just so long as it saves them a little bit of money. So if you ask me American citizens are the problem with the overflowing number of illegal immigrants coming to America. The people that don’t want to work are opening the door for the immigrants to start coming over the boarders, they hear of work and it draws them in. The people who want to work but can’t because it won’t support their family opens the door a little bit more. And the people that want to offer them jobs over a citizen and pay them enough to support their family just blows the doors right off the hinges and hangs and sign over it saying need all your money problems solved come to America we will take care of you and you family . Edwards Jr, James R. â€Å"Illegal Immigration.† Human Events 22 Oct. 2007. MAS Ultra School Edition. EBSCO. Diboll. 14 Nov. 2007 . Gross, Daniel. Dirty Work. 12 Jan. 2007. 12 Dec. 2007 . â€Å"Illegal Immigration.† Illergal Immigration. 2006. 26 Nov. 2007 . â€Å"The Impact of New Immigrants on Young Native-Born Workers, 2000-2005.† Center for Immigration Studies. 2006. 27 Nov. 2007 . Kouri, Jim. Illegal Alien Flourishing in America. 11 Dec. 2007 . â€Å"Over Past Four Years Immigrants† U.S. Border Control. 1 Nov. 2005. 12 Dec. 2007 . â€Å"Principal taxes in Mexico.† word to the wise. 11 Dec. 2007 . Stewart, Gail B. Illegal Immigrants. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1997. Weissinger, George Ph. D. â€Å"The Illegal Alien Problem.† Behavioral Science-Criminal Justice Program (Nov. 2003). 12 Dec. 2007 http://immigration-usa.org. Research Papers on Illegal Immigration - Current IssuesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West Meet

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy - Essay Example with undetectable HIV RNA levels, elective Caesarean section was associated with a 90% reduction in MTCT risk (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.030.33), compared with vaginal delivery or emergency Caesarean section. Conclusions.The results suggest that offering an elective Caesarean section delivery to all HIV-infected women, even in areas where HAART is available, is appropriate clinical management, especially for persons with detectable viral loads. Our results also suggest that previously identified risk factors remain important. (Source : European Collaborative Study). Several currently available drugs are under further development, the most important goals being the reduction of pill burden, easier dosing and less side effects. Three such preparations to have recently entered the market are Invirase 500, Truvada and Kivexa. New improvements are being developed; licensing applications for some of these are already in progress. Gilead and BMS are working on a combination pill of FTC, tenofovir and efavirenz. However, it will be some time before this so far one-off co-operation bears fruit. With increasing numbers of HIV-infected pregnant women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),1 concerns have been raised over the possible teratogenic effects related to exposure in early pregnancy. It has been reported that a .4% prevalence of congenital abnormalities in uninfected infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART; mainly monotherapy and/or dual therapy), which is similar to that seen in those not exposed. It has not been proven that whether risk of congenital abnormalities is increased by first-trimester exposure or by use of HAART, but there is an additional risk of antenatal use of HAART during...N Engl J Med 1996, 335:1081-90. 16. Mocroft A, Katlama C, Johnson AM, et al. AIDS across Europe, 1994-98: the EuroSIDA study. Lancet 2000, 356:291-6. Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, Leonard JM, Ho DD. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 1996, 271:1582-6. 18. Volberding PA, Lagakos SW, Koch MA, et al. Zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV infection. A controlled trial in persons with fewer than 500 CD4-positive cells per cubic millimeter. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:941-9.

Inter Industry and Intra Industry Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Inter Industry and Intra Industry Trade - Essay Example on, and import goods to countries they lack their own production, or where products can be manufactured with poor cost-effectiveness, owing to factor scarcity, intensively used for goods production. Under such circumstances, a country does not generally export and import the same product type. Inter-industry trade is in direct contrast to intra-industry trade that is a result of ‘imperfect’ competition between nations having identical factor endowments (Falvey and Kierkowski, 1987, 143-161). Examples of intra-industry trade include technology, beverages, minerals and automobiles. As per the definitions provided by OECD, intra-industry trade can be viewed through intra-industry trade measurements: a) â€Å"Trade in similar products (â€Å"horizontal trade†) with differentiated varieties (e.g. cars of a similar class and price range); b) Trade in â€Å"vertically differentiated† products distinguished by quality and price (e.g. exports of high-quality clothi ng and imports of lower-quality clothing)† (OECD, Glossary of Statistical terms, 2007). There are two different forms of intra-industry trade: Horizontal intra-industry trade: this comprises of simultaneous imports and exports of products categorised within an identical industry, and at an identical processing stage, therefore, based primarily on product differentiation, as for example, Korea’s export and import of cellular phones at the same time, at a same processing stage (Grubel, and Lloyd, 1975). Vertical intra-industry trade: This comprises of imports and exports of products at the same time within the same industry sector, but at a different processing phase. It is based on a growing ability to arrange for production fragmentation into various stages, each occurring at different places, and taking advantage... This report approves that countries export products where factors can be intensively used for goods production, and import goods to countries they lack their own production, or where products can be manufactured with poor cost-effectiveness, owing to factor scarcity, intensively used for goods production. Under such circumstances, a country does not generally export and import the same product type. Inter-industry trade is in direct contrast to intra-industry trade that is a result of ‘imperfect’ competition between nations having identical factor endowments. This report makes a conclusion that currently under increased instances of globalisation, intra-industry trade has turned into an essential part of global macro-economic activities, which is beneficial as regards bringing in stability at a macro-economic level, increasing the number of products of the same type within the market giving a consumer more choices and advocating innovation. This trade is primarily based on the advantage where it allows consumers to have at their disposal a larger range of products at cheaper rates, while allowing producers to acquire economies of scale in goods manufacture by giving them an access to a wider global market. With an overall rise in output, fixed costs are disseminated over a wide range of units, thus decreasing the corporation’s average production cost. Therefore, despite various debates on its rightful place within the realms of economic theories, intra-industry trade occupies an important position within the realms of modern intern ational trade.

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay The tone of William Shakespeares Hamlet is set by the theme of madness and deception. The death of Hamlets father and the appearance of his ghost to his son sets into motion a series of events that end in leads to the near total destruction of the Danish court. No one proves to be safe from the pervasive nature of their own guilt, real or imagine, as the characters fall victim to Hamlets madness and the kings deception. Revenge and fear, in particular, play central roles in the eventual conclusions of the play, as it provides a vehicle for the concepts of madness and deceit, as well as the bloody and darkening shadow that falls upon Denmark itself. Even before he sees his fathers ghost among the castle walls, the seeds of suspicion and disgust have already grown to fruition within Hamlets mind. All that is needed to touch off this dark depression into full-blown action is a spark. This spark comes in the form of the deceased king, who gives voice to his sons suspicions. Its interesting, given the full blown form that Hamlets madness later takes, to consider that the conversation between father and ghost may have been a delusion. Though its hard to write off the apparition itself as false, since it is the guards who first see the ghost walking silently, the conversation between father and son is private and serves to provide justification for Hamlets later actions. In this way, its possible that this conversation was simply the beginning point for Hamlets growing insanity. From this first act, the other events fall in quick succession as though predicted. Death becomes a central almost fated result of the lethal mixture of Hamlets growing insanity and the guilt of the king There is a fine line between Hamlets realities and his delusions, as shown in the truth of his uncles deceit. Its important that the tragedy of Hamlet begins and ends with death, providing a full-circle to the Kings murder of his brother and Hamlets own revenue and death. This is due in part to the larger significance of death both as an ending and a beginning. The tragedy of Hamlet itself begins and ends with death while the dead themselves provide witnesses. Its important to note that even as the death should be released by the chain of events, they are not allowed to truly rest. From Hamlets father the king, to Ophelias drowned memory, they are allowed little reprieve. Instead their deaths act as cataclysms for more tragedy and death. It is Ophelia and Poloniuss deaths that cause Laertes to meet his death at the end of Hamlets poison-tipped blade. Connected to the idea of revenge, the dead are fuel to the fire and darkness that seep into the minds and actions of all involved. Given the heavy presence of death, it is no wonder that the images of darkness and the adjective â€Å"black† is repeated throughout the book. It seems to be almost an eternal night in Hamlets Denmark. There is no comfort. There is no hope, only sadness and death. Revenge, madness, and pride are connected in Hamlet through their common dark designs and darker endings. The need for revenge, which is bred from Hamlets encounter with his fathers ghost and eventually drives his madness, is not justice. This revenge is part duty, part self-preservation. Hamlet is lost in his new role in his family, with his mothers marriage to his uncle and the usurpation of the crown from Hamlets own head. In taking action against his uncle, Hamlet is defending the honor of his family and attempting to reclaim his own self which has been lost (I. iv. ll. 21). With the new developments, Denmark itself has become a prison (II. ii. ll. 241), and he is a prisoner to the awareness of his position and the growing need to exact revenge. It is important to make the distinction between the two, revenge and justice. Hamlet is seeking to right the wrong of his fathers death, at first through revelation but then when this fails through violence. There is not the sense that Hamlet expects to escape his own death in the process of exacting revenge but at the same time there is the maddened sense of invincibility about him. He hopes to regain part of himself in destroying his uncle, however, he is already lost to his own fear and insanity. The concept of blood is important throughout the play, both in literal form in showing the brutality of Hamlets actions, and as representative of family. The physical presnece of blood is seen throughout the play in the deaths of even those who do end in bloodshed, like Ophelia;. The final scene in Act V is the bloodiest, with the deaths of Laertes and Hamlet, the wounding of the King, and the poisoning of the Queen. That final scene is also a good example of the power of blood, in the family sense, as Hamlet finally gains resolution in the deception of his uncle and his mothers marriage and Laertes himself is able to avenge his sister and father. However, the concept of family goes much farther back in the play, to the very beginning with the first appearance of the dead king, still linked to his son and the tragedy of his blood, who himself is heard by Hamlet to call for revenge. For Hamlet, the concept of blood is perhaps the most sensitive and the core root to his own madness. A chief source of hurt pride for Hamlet is the marriage of his widowed mother to his uncle. In Hamlets eyes, not only has the new king usurped the role of his dead (murdered) brother but he has also taken over his brothers position in the Queens bed. This is not a difficult idea to understand; Hamlet obviously feels a strong loyalty to his father and to the idea of his own succession. However, Hamlets constant condemnation of the King and Queens marriage being â€Å"incestuous† shows more about Hamlet than his mother, who is constantly condemned by her son for the marriage. The king is Hamlets paternal uncle and therefore, unrelated to the Queen except through the marriage of his deceased brother, Hamlets uncle. Therefore there is no real incest going on between the newly married couple but rather a joining of past and present. Instead Hamlet is showing an intolerance to change, that when divorced of his uncles treachery, is not quite as damning. However, true to the form of the play, the marriage has been built upon the dark deeds of the King. Their marriage is a deceptive continuity, the Queen herself innocent to the dark deeds of the King. She is not wholly innocent, as she ignorantly believes in the innocence of the new King. While she obviously loves her son, in sensing and fearing Hamlets growing restlessness and insanity, she does in a manner turn away from him. Seeing only death in her sons countenance, it is understandable that she would ally herself with the calm presence of the new king. However, there is something of a resolution between mother and son. When the queen drinks the poison, the King has prepared for Hamlet, she joins the ranks of the innocent dead. Like Ophelia, the Queen becomes a kind of martyr to the ulterior motives of royal ascendency and the revenge of her only son. Though the King may have had larger ideas of their marriage, the Queens tragedy seems to be a belief in hope. In remarrying she is hoping to continue her life and in Hamlet she sees hope for her love and affection, even as he rejects her. Without the morality of justice, Hamlets revenge fails to provide any resolution. While death is certainly an end and a recurrent theme throughout the play, the persistence and skewed senses of madness prevent the carnage of the Danish court from representing an absolute ending. Instead, there simply seems to be no one else to truly die, no one else to suffer within this narrative of tragedy. Hamlets madness had acted in a way to bring about the complete destruction of all hed ever held dear, it spent not only the resolve of its master but everything which it touched. The court of Denmark is withered but no longer a prison to Hamlet as he can depart in death as he was never able to in life. Though Hamlet finds his revenge and his end, he does not find true peace. Fueled by his own depression and anxiety, the injured pride of a fallen son, Hamlet instead creates a cycle of violence and fear which in the end even he falls prey to.

Luis XIV, and His Selfish Ways :: European History Essays

Luis XIV, and His Selfish Ways If you were asked to answer the question, â€Å"Which king in European history was the best representative of absolutism?†, you would probably answer, â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify the king with the biggest palace and the most glamorous court, you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify the king whose reign coincided with the most glorious period of culture in his country's history, you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify what king fought an endless series of wars, heavily taxed his population, set up the pre-conditions for a revolution against his own system and was jeered by his people as his body was taken to be buried, then you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† Louis XIV was a great builder; he built many palaces and residences in France. His greatest remaining monument is Versailles, which was simultaneously a triumph and a disaster in the eyes of France. Louis XIV continued the policy of centralizing French government that Henry IV, Richelieu, and Mazarin started before he became King. Louis XIV also was blessed by having a number of very able advisors. Among the most brilliant was a man by the name of Colbert. Colbert was in charge of economic policies and under his direction the French economy expanded greatly. Louis XIV considered the Protestants, also known as the Huguenots, to be a nuisance, if not a threat to his rule. The Huguenots tended to be more urban, wealthier and better educated than the typical citizen of France. Louis had little understanding of the theological tenants of Protestantism. Some people think that Louis XIV was very important for the future prestige and importance of France. Louis XIV developed diverse manufacturing capabilities, more roads, more ports, more canals, an expanded navy and merchant marine, and all these gave France the potential for greater prosperity. This was looked upon highly by some people, but others were more impressed by the king’s building skills. His greatest remaining monument is Versailles. Versailles was used for residential and government purposes, but it also drew a lot of attention because of its beauty. The palace was filled with a glamorous court.

Literature Review on “An Echo in the Bone” by Denis Scott

On May 1974, the first performance of Dennis Scott's An Echo in the Bone was staged by the Drama Society at the University of the West Indies Mona campus in Jamaica. The play deals with the destructive impact slavery has left on the history of Afro West Indians. Scotts aim, through this play, is to reclaim and recreate the past lost to our ancestors as well as the voice taken from them, that merely stands today as an echo in the bone.Though he aspires to recreate the history of then enslaved, he also acknowledges that the past should not hold possession over one’s self but act as a guided to not repeat past mistakes. He focuses on the period of enslavement and its transition to post emancipation while using the thematic issues of racial prejudice, the supernatural, gender roles in society and the repercussions of history. He sees the past as a guide to fully understanding ones true identity and culture, a view many of his generation holds in high regard as opposed to the moder n generation who believes the past should remain in the past.With there being limited and somewhat biased credit of the period of enslavement, Scott intricate oral traditions and folklore animate his play to life with a sense of emotional and spiritual understanding. The title itself is a play on words and the play is written in colloquial language in Jamaican dialect and is centered on the murder of Mr. Charles, a white estate owner, whose death occurs nine days prior to the beginning of the play, presumably at the hands of a black peasant farm owner popularly known as Crew.In the pursuit to capture Crew, his shirt and machete were found by the river bed, covered with blood. It is this evidence that leads to the conclusion by his wife, Rachel, that Crew is dead. In accordance with her cultural tradition, Rachel decides to keep a nine night for her deceased husband. The play is set in Jamaica, in an old dilapidated sugar barn behind Crew's house in the year 1937 during the post-colo nial era. The italics in the play represent a prelude of the events that will occur in the play, as well as, the stage directions.A nine night or set up is a ritualistic ceremony concerning the celebration of life and death. â€Å"The Jamaican Negroes believe that for nine nights after death, the ghost rises out of the grave and returns to its familiar haunts† states Martha Beckwith in Black Roadways. Its origin is sourced from Africa though it incorporates Christian elements and is performed to encourage the deceased spirit to move on. Rum plays a very significant role in a nine night as it is used to â€Å"appease the rooming spirits of loved ones† states Mango Salute writer, Nadya-Kaye Phillips.Scott uses the nine night as an avenue to answer the unresolved questions Crew has left behind by the act of spiritual possession. He brilliantly manipulates the characters of the play to transport the audience to the past and present to fully understand the history of the en slaved and his need to recreate it and further more reclaim it. Through this possession the voices of the dead speak through the bodies of the living. It is during the opening scene that Crew's spirit manifests itself through Dream Boat after rum is spilt at the home of the deceased.In Jamaican folklore, the breaking of glass is seen as a bad omen. When the spirit takes hold of dreamboat, Madam uses the light of a candle and oil to free dreamboat of the apparition. Scott uses stage conventions and props to portray of light versus â€Å"darkness. † Light may act as a representation of life and nature as opposed to the darkness of death and the unknown. Sonson, Crew's first son, after putting on the clothes of his diseased father, became his father's vessel to host. These props aid in authenticating the play as it relates to the financial background of the main characters in the present.Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn child to inherit the family e state, in preference to siblings, it is a practice commonly done in African Societies. The first barn male is treated specially as he will be the patriarch of the family should the existing patriarch die or is unable to perform his responsibility due to mental or physical health issues. This part of African culture makes Sonson the best character to be the medium through which Crew communicates. It is after this possession, that the audience is transported through time and space to a ship, docked off an African coast.The use of auditory imagery is consistent in the play through instances of the drum being beaten by Rattler as well as being heard along the dock on the coast of Africa when transported to the past. In this episode, Scott successfully multiplies his characters personalities without having additional cast, to integrate in this scene. Through this enactment we are able to see the opposing perspectives of slavery.We see the perpetual voicelessness of the enslaves through t he historical perspective of the tribal warfare among rivalling tribes in Africa who sold prisoners of war into slavery and that of their white oppressors in European society through the writings of Bryan Edwards and the Slave traders aboard the sea vessel on scene. The irony of this scene as it relates to the voiceless of the enslaved occurs through the violent act of Rattler's tongue being cut off in the past and Rattler in the present being a mute, here also we see Scott's genius use of characterization. Visual imagery portrays the harsh reality that the enslaved endured being captured, bought and sold like animals, this same reality that European authors dilute to create a false preconception.The play successfully links historical events with subjective fictionionalization which clearly depicts the seen and the unseen, the heard and the silenced. The names of few the characters can be compared with these characters personality. â€Å"Stone† for instance has been described as â€Å"strong, almost as strong as Crew,† however, Stone as well as other nine characters were given multiple personalities which meant that there was no individual characterization. This is better understood in the production of the play which was performed by only black characters who would where white masks to represent white characters.

Google And Motorola Essay

This $12. 5 billion deal is Google’s first step into the mobile device hardware market and can therefore be seen as a non- ­? horizontal or vertical merger, as Google has been active in the market at a different stage of the supply chain through the development of one of the major mobile device operating systems (OSs): Android OS. This merger will strengthen Google’s stance in the market for mobile devices and will mainly boost Google’s patent portfolio. Nearly one third of all mobile device sales in 2011 were smartphones with a growth rate of 58 percent from 2010. In this rapidly eveloping market with such a high number of consumers, it is of great importance that there is high competition in order to keep the prices low and to drive innovation. As this market is also very global, antitrust organisations all over the world, for example the United States Department of Justice or the European Commission need to check, whether a merger like the one that is presented in the following could harm competition or increase a firm’s market power in a market above an acceptable level. Additionally, this paper will face the question, whether the sinergies of this merger are big enough to influence the competition ommissions’ decisions. In order to answer these questions, this paper will firstly present the case and the decisions from both the European and the US point of view. Secondly, it will show an analysis of the economic background of the case to trace the steps of the two antitrust commissions and then, thirdly it will conclude with a competition analysis and a search for efficiency gains that justify the commissions’ decisions, followed by a short outlook. As an introductory part to this paper, I will give some general information about the firms, their operations prior to the merger and a projection of their ombined future. I will also present the notifying party’s (i. e. Google’s) reasons for why they would like to acquire Motorola. Following this are the EU and U. S. decisions and a short abstract on the differences in their approaches. 1 2. 1 Google, Inc. Google is mainly known as a provider of its internet search platform and online advertising services. Founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998, it became a publically traded company in 2004 and since then it has become one of the biggest players in web- ­? based enterprises around the world. Its broad range of products goes from web search tools, via advertising services ike AdSense or AdWords, communication and publishing services, development resources, map- ­? related products, statistical tools and desktop applications to mobile applications and the operating systems Android for mobile devices and ChromeOS for personal computers. (Google, Inc. , 2012a) 2. 2 Motorola Mobility Holdings, Inc. MMI, formerly the mobile devices division of Motorola Inc. , became its own publically traded company in January 2011. In the 1990s it was the pioneer of the flip phone, the StarTac. With this and through its focus on this market segment it was able to develop its hit product, the super- ­? thin flip phone: Motorola RAZR. While these boosted its position in the analogue mobile phone market for a while, MMI’s slow adaption to digital technology made it lose the race to its rivals, e. g. Sony Ericsson or Nokia, in the beginning of the 21st century (Motorola Mobility Holdings, Inc. , 2010). Its market share began to drop with a record $1. 2 billion loss in 2007 and continued to drop in the years thereafter towards 2. 7 percent in 2010. This, amongst other issues, has led some people to believe that Motorola was nearing bankruptcy. (Gartner, Inc. , 2011) 2. 3 Reasons for a Merger In its own press release, Google Inc. (2012) states the ain benefits of the deal to be: 1. An acceleration of innovation and choice in mobile computing through which consumers will get better phones at lower prices and 2. A protection of the Android Ecosystem through Motorola’s patent portfolio, which guarantees Android to stay open- ­? source software, which is vital to completion in the mobile device space, as it is ensuring hardware manufacturers, application developers, mobile phone carriers and consumers all to have choice. Since 2008 Motorola has fully implemented the Android operating system for their 2 smartphones, which creates a â€Å"natural fit between [the two] companies† Google, Inc. , 2012b, p. 1). This, as well as Motorola being a member of the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), a consortium to create open standards for mobile devices, which now includes 84 firms from every part of the supply chain, will enable faster innovation. Another point that Google stresses in their facts about the acquisition is the long history of innovation in communications technology at Motorola Mobility and additionally the development of intellectual property. The latter is very important to Google as it will support their own, so far very small, patent portfolio to defend Android OS against the strong competition rom Apple and Microsoft, which is well explained in an extra paragraph in their press release. It is very important to Google to support the constant competition it has injected into the smartphone market since the introduction of the first Android phone in 2008. They are trying to give â€Å"consumers, application developers, and mobile carriers high- ­? quality alternatives to products like Apple? s iPhone and iPad and RIM’s BlackBerryâ€Å" (Google, Inc. , 2012b, p. 2). Google especially highlights what they will not be trying to do with the merger, in order to keep competitors and consumers calm. They do not want to close the Android cosystem and favour Motorola over other hardware manufactures. The Android OS will stay available to everyone on an open source basis. Google will also not force their partners to use Google search (in order to boost their own advertising revenues). 2. 4 The EU Decision The European Commission (EC) was notified of the proposed merger in late November 2011. Since Google and Motorola Mobility have a combined world- ­? wide turnover exceeding â‚ ¬5 billion and each have an EU- ­? wide turnover of more than â‚ ¬250 million, as well as neither one company is achieving more than two- ­? thirds of its EU- ­? Wide turnover within one European ountry, the merger has an EU dimension and has therefore to be allowed by the EC. In their analysis of whether the merger would bring about competition issues, the EC concluded to focus on the vertical relationships between â€Å"Google as the supplier of the open source Android OS and online services on the one hand and Motorola Mobility as a supplier of mobile devices and holder of important Intellectual Property Rights for mobile devices on the other hand† (European Commission, 2012, p. 4). The EC splits its initial market analysis into three parts: Firstly it focusses on the market for operating systems, secondly it analyses he market for mobile devices and thirdly it discusses the Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) 3 Google acquires from MMI. With their market analysis they conduct a competition analysis and conclude in all areas that the merger does not raise any competition issues, which can also be seen in the economic analysis that follows later. Their decision therefore is to drop the investigation and allow the deal to go through without any remedies or changes to be made. 2. 5 The US Decision The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) has approached the case in a similar, however, slightly different way. It combined the investigations f the merger case with acquisitions of certain patents by Apple Inc. , Microsoft Corporation and Research In Motion Ltd. , as all of these were linked to each other. In their analysis, the DOJ followed a similar approach to the EU, checking, whether the proposed acquisitions would create incentives and abilities for the acquiring firms to â€Å"exploit ambiguities in the SSOs’ F/RAND [fair/ reasonable and non- ­? discriminatory terms] licensing commitments to hold up rivals, this preventing or inhibiting innovation and competition† (U. S. Department of Justice, 2012, p. 2). In terms of Microsoft Corp. ’s and Apple’s acquisition of Nortel patents, the division’s concerns were lessened by the â€Å"clear commitments by Apple And Microsoft to license SEPsâ€Å" (U. S. Department of Justice, 2012, p. 1) on FRAND terms, as well as their commitments not to seek injunctions in disputes involving SEPs. However, the Department of Justice identifies Google’s commitments to be less clear. The Department refers to Google’s open letter to all Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) and argues that Google’s statement does not directly provide the same assurance, as for example the other companies mentioned before. Google for example mentions in their letter that it will not seek njunctions for the infringement of SEPs against a competitor, however only for disputes involving future license revenues, and only if the counterparty â€Å"forgoes certain defenses such as challenging the validity of the patent; pays the full disputed amount into escrow; and agrees to a reciprocal assurance as the other companies’ statements concerning the exercise of its newly acquired patent rightsâ€Å" (Lo, 2012, p. 3). These are, however, only reasons for the Department to decide on further monitoring of how competitors are exercising their patents, in order to identify potential misuses of the SEPs and not to prohibit the merger.

Chicago Referencing †Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes)

Chicago Referencing – Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes) Chicago Referencing – Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes) Conference proceedings are a great resource for students. And since academics attend conferences to discuss cutting-edge research, proceedings often include exciting new ideas. But how do you cite a conference paper? In this post, we explain this using Chicago footnote referencing. Footnote Citations In Chicago referencing, always give full publication information in the first footnote citation. For a published conference paper, this includes: n. Author’s Name, â€Å"Paper Title,† in Title of Proceedings, ed. Editor Name(s) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number(s) for cited section. In practice, then, the first citation of a conference paper would look like this: 1. Bill Riker, â€Å"Innovations in Seating,† in Proceedings of the Third Annual Behavioral Adaptations for Interstellar Travel Conference, ed. Jonathan Frakes (Santa Monica, CA: TNG Inc., 1987), 184. The format differs slightly for an unpublished paper (e.g., one that you saw presented in person). This is quite rare, but if you need to cite one, you need to include the following information in the first footnote: n. Author’s Name, â€Å"Paper Title† (paper presented at Name, Location and Date of Conference), page numbers (if relevant). An unpublished paper would therefore be presented like this: 2. Deanna Troi, â€Å"Feeling Change: Design Guided by Empathy† (paper presented at The International Conference of Feeling, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, June 20-22 1992, 21. For repeat citations of a paper, you can use a shortened footnote format. Bibliography The information to include in your bibliography for a conference paper is roughly the same as in the first footnote. However, there are a few differences. For a published paper, the format is: Surname, First Name. â€Å"Paper Title.† In Title of Proceedings, edited by Editor Name(s), page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. For an unpublished conference paper, meanwhile, the format is: Surname, First Name. â€Å"Paper Title.† Paper presented at Name, Location and Date of Conference. In practice, then, we would list a published and an unpublished conference paper as follows: Riker, Bill. â€Å"Innovations in Seating.† In Proceedings of the Third Annual Behavioral Adaptations for Interstellar Travel Conference, edited by Jonathan Frakes, 180-201. Santa Monica, CA: TNG Inc., 1987. Troi, Deanna. â€Å"Feeling Change: Design Guided by Empathy.† Paper presented at The International Conference of Feeling, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, June 20-22 1992.

30 Quotes by Aristotle

30 Quotes by Aristotle Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher who lived from 384-322 BCE. One of the most influential philosophers, Aristotles work was the foundational building blocks of all Western philosophy to follow. Courtesy of translator Giles Laurà ©n, author of  The Stoics Bible, here is a list of 30 Aristotle quotations from his Nicomachean Ethics. Many of these may seem like noble goals to live by. They may make you think twice, especially if you dont consider yourself a philosopher, but simply want age-tested ideas on how to live a better life. Aristotle on Politics Politics appears to be the master art, for it includes so many others and its purpose is the good of man. While it is worthy to perfect one man, it is finer and more godlike to perfect a nation.There are three prominent types of life: pleasure, political, and contemplative. The mass of mankind is slavish in their tastes, preferring a life suitable to beasts; they have some ground for this view since they are imitating many of those in high places. People of superior refinement identify happiness with  honor, or virtue, and generally the political life.Political science spends most of its pains on forming its citizens to be of good character and capable of noble acts. Aristotle on Goodness Every art and every inquiry, and similarly, every action and pursuit is thought to aim at some good, and for this reason, the good has been declared to be that at which all things aim.If there is some end in the things we do, which we desire for its own sake, clearly this must be the chief good. Knowing this will have a great influence on how we live our lives.If things are good in themselves, the goodwill appears as something identical in them all, but the accounts of the goodness in  honor, wisdom, and pleasure are diverse. The good, therefore, is not some common element answering to one idea.Even if there be one good which is universally predictable or is capable of independent existence, it could not be attained by man.If we consider the function of man to be a certain kind of life, and this to be an activity of the soul implying a rational principle, and the function of a good man to be the noble performance of these, and if any action is well performed when it is performed in accordance with the appropriate principle; if this is the case, human good turns out to be activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. Aristotle on Happiness Men generally agree that the highest good attainable by action is happiness, and identify living well and doing well with happiness.The self-sufficient we define as that which when isolated, makes life desirable and complete, and such we think happiness to be. It cannot be exceeded and  is, therefore,  the end of  action.Some identify happiness with virtue, some with practical wisdom, others with a kind of philosophical wisdom, others add or exclude pleasure and yet others include prosperity. We agree with those who identify happiness with virtue, for virtue belongs with virtuous  behavior  and virtue is only known by its acts.Is happiness to be acquired by learning, by habit, or some other form of training? It seems to come as a result of virtue and some process of learning and to be among the godlike things since its end is godlike and blessed.No happy man can become miserable, for he will never do acts that are hateful and mean. Aristotle on Education It is the mark of an educated man to look for precision in each class of thing in so far as its nature admits.Moral excellence is concerned with pleasure and pain; because of pleasure we do bad things and for fear of pain we avoid noble ones. For this reason, we ought to be trained from youth, as Plato says: to find pleasure and pain where we ought; this is the purpose of education. Aristotle on Wealth The life of money-making is one undertaken under compulsion since wealth is not the good we are seeking and is merely useful for the sake of something else. Aristotle on Virtue Knowledge is not necessary for the possession of the virtues, whereas the habits which result from doing just and temperate acts count for all. By doing just acts the just man is produced, by doing temperate acts, the temperate man; without acting well no one can become good. Most people avoid good acts and take refuge in theory and think that by becoming philosophers they will become good.If the virtues are neither passions nor facilities, all that remains is that they should be states of character.Virtue is a state of character concerned with choice, being determined by rational principle as determined by the moderate man of practical wisdom.The end being what we wish for, the means what we deliberate about and we choose our actions voluntarily. The exercise of virtues is concerned with means, and therefore, both virtue and vice are in our power. Aristotle on Responsibility It is absurd to make external circumstances responsible and not oneself, and to make oneself responsible for noble acts and pleasant objects responsible for base ones.We punish a man for his ignorance if he is thought to be responsible for his ignorance.Everything done by reason of ignorance is involuntary. The man who has acted in ignorance has not acted voluntarily since he did not know what he was doing. Not every wicked man is ignorant of what he ought to do and what he ought to abstain from; by such errors, men become unjust and bad. Aristotle on Death Death is the most terrible of all things, for it is the end, and nothing is thought to be either good or bad for the dead. Aristotle on Truth He must be open in his hate and in his love, for to conceal ones feelings is to care less for truth than for what people think and that is the cowards part. He must speak and act openly because it is his to speak the truth.Each man speaks and acts and lives according to his character. Falsehood is mean and culpable and truth is noble and worthy of praise. The man who is truthful where nothing is at stake will be still more truthful where something is at stake. Aristotle on Economic Means All men agree that a just distribution must be according to merit in some sense; they do not all specify the same sort of merit, but democrats identify with freemen, supporters of oligarchy with wealth (or noble birth), and supporters of aristocracy with excellence.When a distribution is made from the common funds of a partnership it will be according to the same ratio which the funds were put into the business by the partners and any violation of this kind of justice would be an injustice.People are different and unequal and yet must be somehow equated. This is why all things that are exchanged must be comparable and to this end, money has been introduced as an intermediate for it measures all things. In truth, demand holds things together and without it, there would be no exchange. Aristotle on Government Structure There are three kinds of  constitution: monarchy, aristocracy, and that based on property, timocratic. The best is  monarchy, the worst timocracy. Monarchy deviates to tyranny; the king looks to his peoples interest; the tyrant looks to his own. Aristocracy passes over to oligarchy by the badness of its rulers who distribute contrary to equity what belongs to the city; most of the good things go to themselves and office always to the same people, paying most regard to wealth; thus the rulers are few and are bad men instead of the most worthy. Timocracy passes over to democracy since both are ruled by the majority. Source Laurà ©n, Giles. The Stoics Bible Florilegium for the Good Life: Expanded. Paperback, Second, revised and expanded edition, Sophron, February 12, 2014.

CUSTOMER FEASIBILTY ANALYSIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CUSTOMER FEASIBILTY ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example The plan for the proposed restaurant is divided into different sections Micro –Level Market Assessment This section reveals the target market intended by the restaurant to offer its products. Family with children and tourists of all age group irrespective of their appetite are the major target customers. Macro Level Market Assessments This section illustrates the market size and growth option for the restaurant. Accordingly, the population of the region is rising at a constant speed and the number of visitors also is increasing. Hence, the market size is relatively large and there also lies greater opportunities for the restaurant to expand the business. Macro Level Industry Assessment This section postulates the food and drink industry assessment. Accordingly, the bargaining power of customers, competition, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and suppliers bargaining power are moderate to high in the region. Micro Level Industry Assessment This particular section de picts the financial forecast for the proposed business. Accordingly, the start-up cost for the restaurant is estimated to be ?214,000. Accordingly, for the first four months of the start-up year, it is projected that there will be no profit. However, it is expected that the restaurant will gradually start earning substantial revenue and it is projected that the total revenue of the restaurant will exceed ?2 million. Team Assessment During the early stage of its commencement, 10 skilled and competent employees will be hired. The role of each staff will be to offer quality services to the potential customers. Summary and Conclusion This section summarizes the important points revealed in the report and duly concludes the report. To sum up, it has been ascertained that the idea of starting hala restaurant is projected to be immensely beneficial for the owners and at the same time it has potential opportunity to expand the business in the long run. SECTION 2 Micro –Level Market A ssessment: Overview of Primary and Secondary Research Undertaken To start up a business, it is essential to conduct research as the basis for the business plan in order to forecast the potential sales and growth for the proposed business. Thus, in order to execute the business plan of opening a hala restaurant in Liverpool, both primary and secondary research were conducted for ascertaining the viability of the proposed business plan. Correspondingly, secondary research was conducted using industry profiles, newspapers, demographic profiles and magazines. Additionally, primary research was conducted using yellow pages to identify competitors existing in the target market. Target Market and Its Pain Identified The proposed hala restaurant intends to operate in Liverpool. This location has been chosen due to various reasons. One of the most imperative reasons for the selection of the target market is that there are not many hala restaurants operating in Liverpool. Another vital reason for choosing Liverpool as the target market can be attributed to the constant increase in the number of visitors to the city. Despite the fall in the number of travellers visiting the United Kingdom, there has been a significant increase in the number of visitors visiting Liverpool (BBC, â€Å"Liverpool Area Tourism Figures Increase†). Correspondingly, this restaurant will offer an attraction for the local population irrespective of the age or appetite. At the same time, families with school

Growth, Development, and Economic Transformation Essay

Growth, Development, and Economic Transformation - Essay Example This would result in lesser inequality when a particular level of GDP per capita is achieved because of the trickling down of growth benefits. Furthermore, as economic growth takes place, people’s incomes grow and the resulting structural changes in the mindset and attitudes of people invoke them to become environmentally conscious which leads to ‘greener’ measures in the society, thereby reducing the rate of environmental degradation. The other aspect is that increased incomes and environmental awareness can induce governments to impose tighter environmental controls thereby enhancing environmental quality. Another theoretical framework to explain this is the â€Å"self-regulatory market mechanism† associated with the exchange of natural resources within an economy (Unruh & Moomaw, 1998). The stock of natural resources tends to decrease during the early growth stages which results in increased prices. This price signaling mechanism then induces lower explo itation of natural resources at subsequent stages in economic growth (due to high prices) (Unruh & Moomaw, 1998) (World Bank, 1992). Due to this reason, economies also tend to shift towards technologies that are less resource intensive. Thus, the shape of the Kuznets’ Curve (see Appendix 1) is not only explained by enhanced environmental government expenditure but also the price signaling mechanism of the free markets (Torras & Boyce, 1998). One school of thought argues that the present rate of environmental degradation has a tendency to enlarge in the long run, hence, government policy should aim at more rapid economic growth in order to climb up the hump or the turning point soonest possible. However this maybe a tedious process, taking several years before the curve slopes downward; the longer the wait the higher the abatement costs. Hence, the policy of waiting for the relationship to become negative can be potentially damaging. A more appropriate policy is to â€Å"tunn el through† the curve and to flatten it through government interventions such as subsidies on energy and agrochemicals and property rights on natural resources. It is also important to note that developing nations cannot follow what their developed nations did in early stages of development (Unruh & Moomaw, 1998). Infact, the amount of greenhouse emissions inherited by today’s less developed nations is much higher than that inherited by their developed counterparts in similar stage of development. Infact, several resource-intensive industries have shifted from the North to South, thus putting the latter at a disadvantaged position. In the absence of an international government, international environmental policies under the umbrella of ‘sustainability’ are required to enforce both wings (the developed and developing) to cut down environmentally harmful emissions. The change in proportions of labor and capital across various sectors in an economy is one of t he most significant features of economic progress of a nation. Research by Clark, Kuznets and Chenery has produced solid evidence for the notion of decline in the role of agricultural (primary) and secondary sectors of an economy and the simultaneous increase in the role of tertiary sector as the economy develops (Clark, 1940). However, in recent years there has been growing consensus amongst researchers such as Maddison, Buera and Kaboski that while the