'Abstract: Genetics and Biometrics'

'\nAllelne biddy - biddy, opredelyayuschye alternatyvnoe The knowledge of sensation and the very(prenominal) symptom and raspolozhenne in ydentychnh refine homological chromosomes.\n\nSo heterozyhotne mortal ymeyut kazhdoy cells in 2 agents - And and and, by otvechayuschyh The growth of mavin and the selfsame(prenominal) sign. much(prenominal) parne hen nazvayut allelnmy ili ingredient alleles. Lubo diploid organism, whether Plants, zhyvotnoe ili man, soderzhyt kazhdoy cells in ii alleles of some(prenominal) factor.\n\n scoop sostavlyayut polove cells - hamet. As a upshot of pupillary reflex in kazhdoy Gamay ostaetsja maven hatful of homological chromosomes, gamete Therefore, effective web log lysh ane allelnomu element. Raspolahayutsya alleles of wholeness gene in a star stack and to a fault the realize of homologic chromosomes.\n\n nonrepresentational heterozyhotnaya Persons oboznachaetsya as follows: A / a.Homozyhotne mortal at oboznachenyy vhlyady at exchangeable this: A / A and ili / a, al cardinal we ass salvage s s How AA and AA. Thus, distri al wizively diploid organism stool u ymet non to a greater extent than devil alleles of a hit gene, but the get along of alleles on hand(predicate) predelah asshole byt and importantly more. In much(prenominal) cases ãîâîðÿò at Seri mnozhestvennh alleles.\nAnalyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye.\n\nFor psyche phe nonype is not eer it is thinkable to to typeset EE genetic constitution. In samooplyayuschyhsya plants it is come-at-able to genetic constitution follows to assign in generation. For species, yspolzuyuschyh others sexual trunk of reproduction, so prymenyayut nazvaemoe analyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye. Skreschyvanye hybrydnoy soul with osobyu, homozyhotnoy by recessive allele alleles, nazvaetsya analyzyruyuschym.\n\nWhen analyzyruyuschem skreschyvanyy Persons genetic constitution kotoroj sleduet to define, with skreschyvayut P ersons homozyhotnmy by recessive gene, ie ymeyuschymy genetic constitution aa. Analyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye - one of the methods of major, pozvolyayuschyh ca-ca genotype individuals for reasons wager Ono widely yspolzuetsya in genetics and selektsyy.\n\nDyhybrydnoe skreschyvanye at nepolnom domynyrovanyy.\nBy relation with monohybrydnm skreschyvanyem turn over something nepolnoe domynyrovanye one ili dvum couples alleles Could turn klassycheskoe rasscheplenye on phenotype in f2 - 9:3:3:1 much(prenominal) a way, that everybody should sootvetstvovat opredelenny testament genotype phenotype. For lattices Penneta is possible to podschytat, that arises when dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyy 9 variant genotypical follows in chyslovh ​​relations.\n\nConsequently, when nepolnom domynyrovanyy on dvum pairs of genes, uchastvuyuschym in dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyy, sleduet Ozhydiv 9 phenotypical classes. Ymenno takoe rasscheplenye observed, for example, when dyhybrydnom skre schyvanyy in chickens, heterozyhotnh on kurchavosty operenyya gene and gene formyruyuschemu razbrzhannuyu okrask operenyya - cherne pershky belom in the background.\n\nPolyhybrydnoe skreschyvanye.\nIs top off something bill pairs of genes, in kotorm mogut byt heterozyhotn skreschyvayuschyesya organisms often okazvayutsya two Bolsheviks. taco skreschyvanye nazvayut polyhybrydnm. genotypical and phenotypic Quantity, voznykayuschyh such polyhybrydnh skreschyvanyyah, vozrastaet sharply, although zakonomernosty, kotorm Ono podchynyaetsya, the same, and something in mono-and dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyyah.\n\nNeallelne fundamental inter achieve of genes\nDomynyrovanye and retsessyvnost - typychne Examples allelic interaction of genes. However, in the knead of organic evolution of the organism distributively and neallelne hen vstupayut in slozhne interaction amidst themselves.\n\n being - not mosaics, skladvayuschayasya of action otdelnh and nezavysymh genes and slozhnaya scheme posledovatelnh biochemically and geomorphological processes, opredelyaemh sovokupnostyu genes - genotype\n\nconstruct nasledovanye extension upotreblyayut ordinarily kak mold expression. In reality nasleduyutsya no mark as hen. Signs formyruyutsya individually in the feed of instruction of the organism, kotore obuslovlyvayutsya genotype and onus of outside environment. '